新疆焉耆盆地产区4种甜白葡萄酒中挥发性香气成分分析

为了研究焉耆盆地产区甜白葡萄酒的挥发性香气成分,延伸该产区甜白葡萄酒的产业链,该实验采用顶空固相微萃取（HSSPME）结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱（GC×GC-TOFMS）检测了新疆焉耆盆地产区的4种甜白葡萄酒中的香气成分,并对分析结果进行主成分分析（PCA）。结果表明,新疆焉耆盆地产区4种甜白葡萄酒中共检测出103种香气成分,其种类相似,但含量有差别,酯类和醇类物质总含量在各样品中均占80%以上。通过PCA初步确定了焉耆盆地产区4种甜白葡萄酒中各自的特征香气化合物,且4种甜白葡萄酒挥发性香气成分之间的得分关联度较小,构成了甜白葡萄酒独特的风味特征。     

棉/Ti3C2导电纱制备及其电容式压力传感器的性能

为了探究类石墨烯二维结构材料(MXene)与天然纤维的结合效果,及其所得导电纱线在柔性电容式传感器中的应用情况,以一种新型二维过渡金属碳化物Ti₃C₂为导电材料、以棉纱为基体纤维,实现了导电纱线的连续化制备;然后以此导电纱线为电极、以横编间隔织物为介电层,设计了一款电容式压力传感器。研究了处理时间对纱线微观形貌、结合效果以及导电性能的影响;分析了该压力传感器的力学性能与电容特性。实验结果表明:随着处理时间的延长,Ti₃C₂材料与棉纱复合得到的纱线电导率可达0.872 S/cm;制备的传感器压缩回复性好、电容特性显著,灵敏度最高达到0.028 kPa^-1,能在150 ms内对压力快速响应,200次压缩循环中展现了良好的耐久性与稳定性。     

Proteome changes in lamb semimembranosus muscles associated with the inclusion of sunflower cake in their diet

A diet based on sunflower cake for lambs was assayed in order to reuse biodiesel industrial by-products with the aim of reducing livestock costs and evaluating their influence on meat quality. To achieve these goals, sixteen male lambs were fed diets containing different levels of sunflower cake (control, 5%, 10% and 15%). Afterwards, their semimembranosus muscles were analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry and their functional protein association was examined using STRING. Structural and metabolic proteins in the lambs’ proteomes changed significantly according to their diet. Fifteen proteins showed significant changes caused by the inclusion of sunflower cake, and the most differentially abundant structural proteins were detected in 2-DE gels from the lambs. Differentially abundant metabolic proteins such as ENO3 (enolase 3), MDH1 (malate dehydrogenase) and ALDH1A1 (retinal dehydrogenase) have been proposed as biomarkers of quality parameters in other species.     

Monitoring Proteolysis During Cheddar Cheese Ripening Using Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

A 2-D gel electrophoretic method, consisting of isoelectric focusing and alkaline urea-PAGE was used to monitor proteolysis during ripening (180d, 5°C and 8°C) of full- and reduced-fat Cheddar cheese. The method enabled quantifying changes in levels of peptides in cheese with good spot-resolution. Results can complement those from other analyses, especially those for determining low MW peptides. Notable effects were found for cheese composition and ripening temperature on gel pattern and on relative levels of selected proteolysis products. In both cheese varieties, most peptides reached a maximum during the first 3 ripening months and gradually disappeared as ripening advanced.     

蛋白组学及其在食品科学研究中的应用

后基因组时代的主要研究任务之一即是蛋白组学研究,蛋白组学技术发展迅速,目前已有望成为用来解决生命科学领域中诸多问题包括食品品质与安全等食品科学问题的有力工具。蛋白组学为食品科学相关研究提供了新的思路和技术,在食品科学研究中已有广泛的应用。介绍了蛋白质组学研究的核心技术,即蛋白质组分分离、蛋白质组分鉴定、利用蛋白质组信息学进行结构和功能预测,综述了蛋白组学技术在食品科学研究中的进展,并展望了其应用前景。     

郫县豆瓣酱风味成分的全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱分析

采用柱前衍生化全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱技术对特级郫县豆瓣酱中的风味成分组成及其相对含量进行研究。结果共检测出987 个化合物,定性鉴别得到包括有机酸类、氨基酸及其衍生物、糖类及其衍生物、醇类、酯类、酚类、酮类、醛类10 类物质共218 种成分,主要为有机酸类（72 种,相对含量30.36%）,其次为氨基酸及其衍生物（40 种,相对含量26.58%）。本研究为郫县豆瓣酱风味成分解析、工艺优化及质量标准提升等提供科学依据。     

Aroma profiles of five basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars grown under conventional and organic conditions

A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method coupled to gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–ITMS) has been developed and applied for profiling of volatile compounds released from five Ocimum basilicum L. cultivars grown under both organic and conventional conditions. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS) was employed for confirmation of identity of volatiles extracted from the basil headspace by SPME.     

A combination of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging with two-dimensional correlation analysis for monitoring the content of biogenic amines in mutton

The study investigated the feasibility of using a combination of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) with two-dimensional correlation (2DCOS) analysis for rapid and non-destructive determination of the content of biogenic amines in mutton during refrigerated storage. Total contents of biogenic amines (TBA) were used as the perturbation. By analysing the synchronous and asynchronous two-dimensional correlation spectra, sensitive variables that were closely related to TBA contents were obtained. The results showed that the wavelengths in the spectra range of 1002–1335 nm were the research area for the detection of TBA contents in mutton. The least-squares support vector machines (LSSVM) model based on effective wavelengths selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) from 2DCOS analysis showed excellent results, with correlation coefficient in prediction (Rp) of 0.91, root mean square error in prediction (RMSEP) of 1.67 mg kg⁻¹ and the ratio of performance deviation (RPD) of 2.76. The research demonstrated that the combination of NIR-HSI and 2DCOS could be used as an effective method for monitoring the content of biogenic amines in mutton.     

紧扣内存变量关系巧解矩阵类问题

C语言学习过程中,不少初学者不能建立思维的模型,无法将形象可行的矩阵运算、旋转事件抽象化成算法语言.讲解了指导学生掌握矩阵操作算法的推导方法.