GA-g-PAA/ST复合水凝胶的合成与表征

以阿拉伯胶(GA)、丙烯酸(AA)、海泡石黏土(ST)为原料,采用微波辐射法,通过接枝共聚合成了GA-g-PAA/ST复合水凝胶,利用FTIR、XRD和SEM表征了水凝胶的结构和形貌,用TG分析了水凝胶的热稳定性能,同时探讨了水凝胶在不同价态阳离子盐溶液的溶胀行为和保水性能。结果显示:GA、ST和AA发生了接枝共聚反应,共聚物插层到ST的层间,形成剥离型均匀的三维网络复合高吸水性水凝胶。当盐溶液浓度为20 mmol/L时,水凝胶在NaCl、BaCl_2、AlCl_3溶液中的吸水倍率分别为112、38和29 g/g。表面活性剂溶液浓度为20 mmol/L时,水凝胶在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶液的吸水倍率分别为135和105 g/g。水凝胶在NaCl和BaCl_2溶液经过3次溶胀-去溶胀循环后,其吸水倍率分别为80和12 g/g,表明水凝胶在NaCl和BaCl_2盐溶液中具有较强的盐响应性能和良好的可逆行为,水凝胶具有较好的热稳定性和保水性能。     

铅酸电池管式正极添加四碱式硫酸铅晶种的研究

在铅酸电池正极铅粉中加入一定量的四碱式硫酸铅（4BS）,按照工业化的操作工艺,制备出原料中4BS含量不同的正极板,并与常规负极板组装成小电池。对正极的初始容量和循环寿命等电化学性能做了测试,结果表明,在添加粒径为1.5 μm的4BS质量分数达1%时,65 ℃固化后,正极初始容量和循环寿命分别为未加4BS正极的1.02倍和1.06倍,4BS的加入提升了电池容量和电池寿命等的综合性能;XRD结果显示,原料中加4BS的正极中β-PbO₂含量稍高于未加4BS的正极;SEM结果显示,加4BS的正极活性物质更细小,大小更均匀。     

Designing amino-based ionic liquids for improved carbon capture: One amine binds two CO2

Generally, amine group captures CO₂ according to 2:1 or 1:1 stoichiometry. Here, we report a kind of improved carbon capture using amino-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) through 1:2 stoichiometry. A serial of amino-functionalized ILs various with basicity and steric hindrance of anion were designed, prepared, and applied in CO₂ capture. Through a combination of absorption experiment, quantum chemical calculation, spectroscopic investigation and calorimetric method, the results indicated that one amine group could bind two CO₂ through proton transfer (PT) process and intramolecular hydrogen bond formation, which leading to enhanced capacity that breaks through equimolar. The basicity and steric hindrance of anion play a significant role in promoting amine group to capture two CO₂. [P₆₆₆₁₄]₂[Asp] with dual anion was further designed and synthesized to promote PT process, which showed high capacity of 1.96 mol/mol IL at 30°C and 1 atm as well as excellent reversibility. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 230–238, 2019     

Primary Metabolites and Polyphenols in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars in China

Defatted meals of 10 rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties were investigated for their total phenolic, phenolic acid (free, esterified, and insoluble-bound forms), and tannin contents. The antioxidant capacities (AC) of methanol extracts from samples were assessed using the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), Folin–Ciocalteu method and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β-carotene–linoleic acid tests. In the fraction of free phenolic acids, sinapic, caffeic, ferulic, syringic, gallic, and p-coumaric acids were identified. In the fraction of esterified phenolic acids, sinapine, sinapoyl glucoside, and disinapoyl gentiobiose were identified. After basic hydrolysis, sinapic, ferulic, cinnamic, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids were identified, and sinapic acid (SA) constituted 98.3% to 99.6% of the total esterified phenolic acids. Eleven components (sinapic, protocatechuic, p-coumaric, syringic, vanillic, gallic, caffeic, ferulic, salicylic, cinnamic, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids) in the fraction of insoluble-bound phenolic acids were identified. The AC of the samples correlated with the total phenolic content. Overall, the total phenolics showed a better correlation with AC than the individual phenolic compounds. Moreover, SA, sinapoyl glucoside, and disinapoyl gentiobiose showed a highly significant and strong positive correlation with the AC of rapeseed meals, and the derivatives of cinnamic acid showed a higher correlation with AC than the derivatives of benzoic acid. The change in the canolol content in rapeseeds under microwave irradiation is discussed. The correlation of the canolol formed with SA and its derivatives is discussed.     

Physicochemical,Antioxidative, and Sensory Properties of Refined Rapeseed Oils

Physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant capacity (AC), and sensory quality of rapeseed oils available on the Polish market were analyzed and compared. The fatty acid composition (saturated fatty acids = 6.91–7.58%, monounsaturated fatty acids = 64.14–66.14%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids = 27.22–30.17%), color (T420 = 54.5–83.8%), amounts of free fatty acids (0.02–0.07%), primary (PV = 0.04–2.04 meq O₂ kg⁻¹) and secondary (AV = 1.02–3.21) oxidation products, phosphorus (0.38–1.62 mg kg⁻¹), chlorophyll (0.002–0.068 mg kg⁻¹), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Σ4PAH = 0.00–2.50 μg kg⁻¹) in the commercial rapeseed oils meet the requirements of the European Food Regulation and Codex Alimentarius standards. Moreover, total phenolic content (TPC = 40.3–467.9 mg SA kg⁻¹) in the studied oils significantly differs from each other. However, the AC of rapeseed oils was analyzed using the novel iron oxide nanoparticle-based (IONP = 5552.1 − 18,510.2 μmol TE/100 g) method and the modified ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP = 55.7–280.3 μmol TE/100 g), cupric reducing AC (CUPRAC = 79.6–784.0 μmol TE/100 g), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH = 185.7–516.7 μmol TE/100 g), and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS = 465.6–2142.6 μmol TE/100 g) assays. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied for discrimination of the refined rapeseed oils based on fatty acid composition, physicochemical parameters, AC, and sensory properties.     

亚临界和超临界压力下液态正癸烷比定压热容实验研究

为了准确测量液态正癸烷的比定压热容,采用流动型绝热量热法,搭建了一套适用于亚临界和超临界压力下的流体比定压热容测量系统。对温度为311~570 K、压力为0.12~6.02 MPa的正癸烷比定压热容进行测量,结果表明比定压热容随温度的升高而增加,但压力对正癸烷的比定压热容影响较小,并将实验值与文献值进行对比,结果表明两者的最大相对偏差在5.0%以内,平均相对偏差在1.39%以内。将实验值与Guseinov模型和Garg模型两种经验模型进行对比,并在两种经验模型的基础上,提出改进后的比定压热容模型。改进后的模型精度较高,其最大绝对偏差为1.32%,平均相对偏差为0.53%,可为其他碳氢燃料的比定压热容的推算提供基础和参考依据。     

Thermal and electrical properties of perovskite-type strontium molybdate

Polycrystalline samples of perovskite-type strontium molybdate, SrMoO₃, have been prepared and the thermal and electrical properties have been measured from room temperature to about 1000 K. The electrical resistivity is of an order of magnitude of 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻⁶ (Ω m) in the whole temperature range. The Seebeck coefficient is around 4–9 μV K⁻¹. At room temperature, the thermal conductivity is about 30 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, and it decreases with increasing temperature.     

Synthesis and characterization of LiNi0.45Co0.10Mn0.45O2 cathode for lithium ion batteries

1INTRODUCTIONAdvanced rechargeable lithium ion batteriesare attractive for use in consumer electronic andelectric vehicle(EV)application because of a fa-vorable combination of voltage,energy density,cycling performance,and have been developed rap-idly worldwide during the past decade[1,2].LiCoO2has been widely used as a cathode material in com-mercial lithiumion battery because it is reasonableeasy to synthesize and shows a stable discharge ca-pacity[3].But due to its high cost and toxic…     

Al离子掺杂对LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4高电压材料性能的影响

用固相法合成了Al掺杂的高电压LiNi0.5Mn1.5-xAlxO4材料,研究了材料晶胞参数、材料可逆比容量、放电电压及循环性能随掺Al量的变化规律。结果表明,随着掺Al量的增加,材料的可逆比容量在逐渐减小;当Al掺杂量为0.06(LiNi0.5Mn1.44Al0.06O4)时,样品具有最佳的循环性能,100周的容量保持率在97%左右。与此同时,使用以Al掺杂量为0.06的样品为正极,石墨为负极组装的全电池显示了良好的循环性能。     

精密数控车床静压导轨性能仿真研究

静压导轨的静态性能会直接影响精密机床的精度,需要在设计阶段考虑各个设计参数对其静态性能的影响,以保证设计符合要求.根据流体力学以及闭式静压导轨的受力特点推导出油腔内部的压力计算公式;结合节流器特征方程建立承载能力与刚度分析方程,得到简化模型;利用Matlab仿真分析导轨及节流器设计参数对静压导轨静态性能的影响,得到各设计参数的最优取值.