Facing drift: a comparison of three methods

Drift is a common phenomenon in active sensors and, if left untreated, is generally the limiting factor in their performance. It is shown that drift and spread in sensor characteristics are tightly interwoven due to finite sensitivity to biasing parameters. Modern treatments of drift are dynamical under operating conditions, notably so chopping, the sensitivity variation method and the recently introduced van Putten-method. These methods differ in regards to drift-dependence on biasing. In their application to silicon flow sensors, the first two reduce but do not eliminate drift. The geometric van Putten-method leaves biasing invariant, which eliminates drift and obtains uniform sensor-characteristics leaving drift-free operation.     

武钢铁路车辆用耐候钢的开发

介绍了武钢生产的铁路车辆用耐候钢的特点，分析稀土对Cu—P系列耐候钢的作用机理，并介绍武钢正在开发的耐候钢新钢种。     

Dispersive forces of particle–surface interactions: direct AFM measurements and modelling

Fundamentals of particle–particle interaction are of great interest in agglomeration processes. Particle adhesion depends on dispersive forces (van der Waals force), local chemical bindings, Coulomb force and capillary attractions. Additionally, surface properties like roughness, adsorption layers and surface chemistry strongly affect adhesion forces. van der Waals interactions are poorly understood because popular ab initio force calculations for molecules like density functional theory (DFT) often do not lead to proper results. van der Waals forces are difficult to measure directly. We present direct measurements of particle–particle and particle–surface interactions in the gas phase carried out with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Special emphasis is given to a proper statistical treatment of the data. For modelling of particle adhesion, we use computer-assisted empirical potential methods. Parameters like adsorbed water and surface roughness are considered. We extract parameters for weak interactions from the Lifshitz theory and gas adsorption data. Adsorbing molecules can be used as probes to measure dispersive forces. Studying surface and particle properties combined with computer-assisted modelling is a basic requisite to reach the aim of predicting particle–particle interactions in industrial processes.     

A Novel Parsimonious Neurofuzzy Model Applied to Railway Carriage System Identification and Fault Diagnosis

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Buckling analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes under combined loading considering the effect of small length scale

The torsional and axially compressed buckling of an individual embedded multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNTs) subjected to an internal and/or external radial pressure was investigated in this study. The emphasis is placed on new physical phenomena which are due to both the small length scale and the surrounding elastic medium. Multiwall carbon nanotubes which are considered in this study are classified into three categories based on the radius to thickness ratio, namely, thin, thick, and almost solid. Explicit formulas are derived for the van der Waals (vdW) interaction between any two layers of an MWNT based on the continuum cylindrical shell model. In most of the previous studies, the vdW interaction between two adjacent layers was considered only and the vdW interaction among other layers was neglected. Moreover, in these works, the vdW interaction coefficient was treated as a constant that was independent of the radii of the tubes. However, in the present model the vdW interaction coefficients are considered to be dependent on the change of interlayer spacing and the radii of the tubes. The effect of the small length scale is also considered in the present formulation. The results show that there is a unique buckling mode (m,n) corresponding to the critical shear stress. This result is obviously different from what is expected for the pure axially compressed buckling of an individual multi-walled carbon nanotube.     

烷烃二元混合物导热率的测定与预测

用实验室建立的小型液体导热率测试仪，测定常压下正庚烷－正十二烷和正十一烷－正十六烷两个二元烷烃混合物体系在３１３．１５Ｋ、３３３．１５Ｋ及３５３．１５Ｋ时的导热率数据。另外，还将流体传递性质的ｖａｎｄｅｒＷａｌｓ模型扩展，应用该模型合适的混合规则，对研究的两个烷烃二元混合物体系不同温度下的导热率进行了预测，结果令人满意。     

微型厢式汽车后扰流板对气动特性影响

本文通过计算机的模拟方法,检测安装在汽车后扰流板模型的外流场的阻力,通过计算机模拟,对汽车后扰流板的安装位置、安装形状及安装角度进行了科学的分析。科学的安装汽车后扰流板,不仅能够降低气动升力,还可以有效地减少汽车所受气动阻力,降低汽车油耗,对提高汽车气动特性有很大的工程指导性。     

基于有限元法的转炉托圈应力分析研究

转炉托圈是一个重型的复杂空间焊接结构,在使用中承受机械载荷以及长期温度载荷。托圈所承受的机械载荷经由多个复杂的接触面接触传递。为了分析托圈结构的强度和变形,运用有限元数值仿真技术对炼钢转炉托圈及耳轴进行三维应力场分析,转炉按水平状态、垂直状态以及旋转200、500和700状态分别进行应力分析,得到托圈等效应力。分析可知最大应力在上支承结构焊接区。该研究为转炉托圈的设计及结构优化设计与使用提供了可靠依据,具有一定的应用推广价值。