电梯用钢丝绳预变形工艺设计

预变形参数对电梯用钢丝绳生产及使用性能的影响至关重要。在生产过程中,可调卧式预变形器由于压下量和轮间距可同时调节,适合生产电梯用钢丝绳。预变形器在设计过程中要综合考虑锥角、工作轮直径和轮槽半径等因素。预变形工艺参数的设计原则:保证股绳在经过预变形器时中间变形轮对股绳的变形量。钢丝绳股绳结构、捻制状态、规格强度、绳芯材质等都会对预变形效果产生影响。计算形幅率是客观判定预变形参数设定效果的检验方法,纤维芯形幅率控制在82%～90%,钢芯形幅率控制在82%～87%。     

Microbial growth,communities and sensory characteristics of vacuum and modified atmosphere packaged lamb shoulders

Packaging fresh lamb in a vacuum (VAC) versus a 100% CO₂ modified atmosphere (MAP) may influence product shelf-life and the bacterial communities. While VAC is a common packing method and 100% CO₂ MAP is used in some countries, there is little information about how these different techniques affect the growth of spoilage bacteria and sensory attributes of lamb. The aim of this study was to assess changes in microbiological and organoleptic properties, and determine differences in microbial communities by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) and 454 pyrosequencing, in bone-in (BI) and bone-out (BO) MAP- and VAC-packed lamb shoulders stored at −0.3 °C over 12 wk. VAC and MAP lamb shoulders were acceptable in sensory test scores over 12 wk of storage at −0.3 °C, despite total viable count (TVC) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) levels increasing to 8 log₁₀ CFU/cm² for VAC lamb and 4–6 log₁₀ CFU/cm² for MAP lamb. Similar to the sensory results, there were no significant differences in microbial communities between BI and BO product. However, types of bacteria were different between VAC and MAP packaging. Specifically, while VAC shoulder became dominated by Carnobacterium spp. in the middle of the storage period, the MAP shoulder microbial population remained similar from the start until later storage times.     

风力发电机变速变桨距的PD控制器

风力发电机变桨距系统是一个大惯性系统,采用PI控制的滞后环节会使系统不稳定．对风力发电机变速变桨距控制原理进行分析,建立了气动部分、传动部分、变桨距执行部分及机组整体的数学模型,采用了PD调节器进行变桨距控制,所采用方法通过仿真进行验证,并取得了较好的控制效果．     

Genetic evaluation of gestation length and its use in managing calving patterns

Data collected from Australian Holstein cows that calved between 1995 and 2016 were used for estimating genetic parameters and genetic evaluation of gestation length (GL). Genetic parameters were estimated using a sire maternal grandsire model considering GL in heifers as correlated, but a different trait to adult cows and animal repeatability model. The key objective of this study was to assess if selective mating of bulls with short GL estimated breeding values (EBV) can help to modify calving patterns in predominantly pasture-based production systems and thereby contribute to the reduction of calving induction. The mean GL in heifers and adult cows was 280 and 281 d, respectively. The heritability of direct GL was 0.28 in heifers, which is slightly lower than in adult cows (0.36). The maternal heritability of GL was close to 0.04 in both heifer and adult cows. The genetic correlation between direct effects in heifers and adult cows was lower (0.88) than between maternal effects (0.94). A genetic evaluation model that considered heifer and adult cow data as the same trait in a repeatability animal model showed adequate variability in EBV for both direct and maternal GL. The genetic trend in direct GL EBV declined from 2005 in bulls and from 2006 in cows. Selective mating of bulls with short direct GL EBV showed that the GL and calving interval of their mates can be modified by up to 3.5 d for GL and 2.0 d for calving interval. Relative to parent average, the use of genotype data to calculate genomic EBV increased the reliability of EBV by up to 11% in validation bulls when daughter trait deviation of bulls with trait deviation of cows (11%) and deregressed breeding values (8%) were used as response variables. On average, for animals with only genotype data, the GL EBV can be predicted with about 50 to 60% reliability (expected) depending on the response variable (deregressed breeding values or daughter trait deviation and trait deviation) and the size of reference set. Overall, the results of this study show that calving patterns can be made tighter by selectively mating short GL EBV bulls to cows that do not become pregnant early in the mating season. Additionally, better reproductive management and the use of bulls with high female fertility EBV are still crucial for the success of a pasture-based dairy production system.     

大田期烤烟根系生长与分布研究

使用微根区管成像观察技术辅以根系扫描成像观察技术,结合winrhizotron2007b root measurement图像分析系统,对烤烟根群结构和其他各项根系生长指标进行了研究.结果表明:烤烟根系主要由主根、侧根和不定根组成,63.4％的根系直径小于1.5mm;烤烟根系的生长在移栽后50 d前以根长延伸为主,移栽70 d后则以直径增粗为主;烤烟根系干物质量的增长在移栽后50-70 d和70-90 d出现两个高峰;烤烟根长密度在土壤中的分布,因纵、横方向和土层不同而表现不同的变化规律;烟草根系主要分布在0-20 cm土层,30 cm以下仅有少量分布,呈“干”型结构.     

假捻器轴承优化设计分析

为了进一步提高HT825型假捻器轴承的综合机械性能,对其轴承的沟曲率半径、外圈沟心距、圆度、钢球等级、径向游隙参数进行优化设计,并从球轴承沟曲率半径系数、轴承游隙、接触角、原始偏转角、实际接触长度、径向基本额定动载荷、径向额定静载荷、当量动载荷和寿命等方面对HT825型轴承的设计参数进行计算,并对计算结果参照常用参数值进行分析验证。结果表明,优化后的假捻器轴承对提高转速有利,可提高轴承支承轴刚性,满足寿命及使用要求。     

Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on structural and physical changes in buffalo meat

The effect of modified atmosphere packaging of buffalo meat on the structural parameters viz., fibre diameter, sarcomere length and myofibrillar fragmentation index and physical parameters viz., pH, drip loss and colour scores were studied. The buffalo meat was packed under aerobic, vacuum and modified atmosphere (80% oxygen+20% carbon dioxide) and stored at 4±1°C upto 21 days. The results obtained revealed that vacuum-packed buffalo meat had the lowest fibre diameter and myofibrillar fragmentation index and the highest sarcomere length, vacuum thus appears to enhance ageing. Buffalo meat packed in modified atmosphere had a low drip loss and a desirable colour. The modified atmosphere packed and vacuum-packed buffalo meat was acceptable for upto 14 days at 4±1°C.     

智能电动执行器可变电感式扭矩测量系统的设计

为避免智能电动阀门执行器由于负载扭矩超过额定值而导致的阀门或执行器损坏,本文提出了一种可变电感式扭矩测量系统。该系统采用机电一体化的可变电感式扭矩传感器,实时、精确测量执行器工作时的扭矩,并通过执行器内置的微处理器对执行器动作进行自动控制,实现对执行器或阀门的扭矩过载保护。     

棉秆硫酸盐浆打浆及配抄性能的研究

采用PFI磨对棉秆全秆漂白硫酸盐浆进行打浆,分析了纤维长度和纸张强度指标随打浆度的变化。结果表明,打浆初期棉浆的纤维长度下降很快,打浆度超过50°SR后纤维长度下降趋缓。打浆度对棉浆耐破指数和裂断长的影响相近,在60°SR左右耐破指数和裂断长均达到最大值。而耐折度在接近50°SR时达到最大值。打浆度为40°SR时,撕裂指数开始明显降低,耐折度和耐破指数随打浆浓度上升最快,撕裂指数在低浓范围随打浆浓度上升而明显增大。配抄实验表明,棉浆配比20%以下时配抄防水铜版纸是可行的。     

基于图像处理的分梳山羊绒长度检测方法

为了提高分梳山羊绒长度检测的效率、降低测量过程中人为因素的影响,提出一种基于数字图像处理技术的分梳山羊绒长度检测流程和方法。对分梳山羊绒进行数字图像采集,将采集到的图像转换成灰度图像,对灰度图像进行滤波、二值化处理、边缘提取、拟合曲线,最后根据GB 18267-2013《山羊绒》计算分梳山羊绒的平均长度。结果表明:该方法可以获得分梳山羊绒的边缘曲线,根据曲线测得的分梳山羊绒平均长度与人工测量长度非常接近,为分梳山羊绒长度检测提供了有效的方法。