某库房轻钢结构施工技术

结合36m跨度轻钢结构库房施工,介绍了该工程基础工程施工、轻钢结构构件制作与安装等施工要点。其中轻钢结构构件制作重点讲述了放样、切割下料、矫正成型、焊接拼装等工艺流程;而轻钢结构构件安装以支撑系统、屋面系统和墙面系统等的安装为主。     

与天空对话的巨石 福克萨斯建筑事务所设计的福利尼奥圣保罗教堂综合体

文章通过对意大利福利尼奥圣保罗教堂综合体的阅读,介绍福克萨斯建筑事务所如何从研究两个互相嵌套的立方体之间的关系开始,对这个由来已久的历史性主题进行现代诠释。通过在最基本的空间和光线层面的操作,尽可能集中而直接地表达今天宗教建筑的含义。     

道路光伏发电对道路光环境的影响研究

良好的光环境是保障道路交通安全的必备条件之一。在城市道路上空覆盖光伏板发电形成了新的半围合式道路空间,势必会引起道路光环境的改变。基于Ecotect软件(加载radiance插件)进行道路采光对比模拟实验,探讨覆盖光伏板后其光环境的改变及光伏板的最佳铺设形式。实验设计了对照组(未覆盖光伏板状态下的道路)与实验组(平铺、斜铺、弧形顶铺设、双坡顶铺设4种形式)。实验结果表明,支架高度一定时,平铺、弧形与双坡顶3种方式下采光情况一致,不同的顶面形式不会带来道路采光的变化,而当支架高度改变时,道路采光变化显著。三者相较,出于经济性等因素的考虑,平铺最佳。斜铺、平铺与未铺设相较,斜铺因存在顶板采光补偿不会对道路的光环境产生影响,而平铺会造成不同程度的采光遮挡,带来路灯开关灯时间增加0.5~1 h。基于光环境为考量的道路上空光伏板铺设最佳形式是斜铺,平铺次之。最终光伏板的最佳铺设形式还要综合考虑热工、声环境、造价、发电效率及能耗等各方面效益,不可偏废其一。     

响应面法优化光聚合CMCTS-g-CPAM及其污泥脱水性能

以羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCTS)为主链模板、丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为共聚单体,通过紫外光引发聚合法制备新型阳离子絮凝剂CMCTS-g-CPAM。采用响应曲面法(RSM)得到CMCTS-g-CPAM的最佳制备条件:光照时间为2h、光引发剂质量分数为0.04%、pH值为8。接枝共聚物CMCTS-g-CPAM的红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振(~1H-NMR)表征表明AM、DMC和CMCTS已成功聚合。污泥脱水实验验证其具有良好的污泥脱水性能:在絮凝剂投加量和pH值分别为30mg/L和10时,污泥比阻(SRF)由9.10×10~(13) m/kg降至1.96×10~(13) m/kg,滤饼含水率(FCMC)从90.15%降至79.28%,其污泥脱水效果和经济效益均优于市售CPAM。同时,此研究在污泥脱水中的应用为污泥脱水领域的絮凝处理和改性壳聚糖提供了一定参考。     

镀锌产品亮点缺陷研究

本钢浦项冷轧薄板有限责任公司1#镀锌机组从调试以来,生产的镀锌产品中出现大量表面亮点缺陷,为达到汽车用板及高级家电表面外板的市场需求,本钢浦项针对这一问题进行的分析研究和生产实践的探索。本文重点是评述这些研究结果及其应用。     

Synthesis and photocatalytic performance of Ag-loaded β-Bi2O3 microspheres under visible light irradiation

The visible-light-driven photocatalyst Ag/β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres were synthesized by a simple chemical method. First, β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres were obtained by a thermal treatment of sphere-like Bi₂O₂CO₃ precursor at 360 °C for 3 h in air and then Ag nanoparticles were in situ incorporated into β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres by impregnation method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements. The experimental results demonstrated that the visible light absorption of β-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst is greatly enhanced with the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles. The SEM and TEM observations revealed that the Ag nanoparticles can be homogenously incorporated in the β-Bi₂O₃ microspheres. The photocatalytic activity of Ag/β-Bi₂O₃ sample was evaluated by the photodegradation of the Rhodamine-B under visible light irradiation as a function of Ag content. It is found that the photocatalytic efficiency of β-Bi₂O₃ can be significantly improved with the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles up to 2.0 wt% Ag. The mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity is also presented.     

Preparation and UV property nickel nanoparticles （〈10 nm） of size-controlled monodisperse by reductive method

Nickel nanoparticles (<10 nm) were successfully synthesized using a reductive method of nickel chloride with sodium borohydride in the ethanol/poly- vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) system. The effects of three factors, such as the concentration of the nickel ions, the time of reaction, and the amount of PVP (surfactant), were discussed. The possible growth process of the particles and optimum reactive conditions was also investigated. The result of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that these nickel nanoparticles are spherical. The average diameter could be controlled as 2-5 nm under selected conditions. High-resolution TEM and energy-dispersive spectroscopy results indicates that the nickel nanoparticles are pure. The UV-visible light absorption spectrum shows that the peaks of nickel nanoparticles moves toward the short wavelength along with the decrease of sizes.     

臭氧气氛下LED灯光对银质文物模拟材料腐蚀变色的影响

目的研究臭氧与LED灯光共同作用于银质文物模拟材料的腐蚀行为和规律。方法采用石英晶体微天平(QCM)反应性监测及SEM-EDS等方法,研究了暴露于臭氧和LED灯下的银质文物模拟材料的腐蚀行为及其表面特征。结果暴露于LED灯或臭氧条件下的石英晶振片频率均有所下降,而暴露于LED灯加臭氧复合条件下的石英晶振片频率下降速率更快且最终下降值更多。此外,升高LED灯色温、增大臭氧浓度或提高环境温度,均会使石英晶振片频率下降速率更快且最终下降值更大。在臭氧质量浓度为5μg/L环境中,与无光照条件相比,LED光照下的银片表面的腐蚀产物及氧元素含量较多,并且LED灯的色温越高,其光照下的银片表面生成的腐蚀产物越多,但不同品牌的LED灯下的银片表面腐蚀产物生成量及氧元素含量均相近。结论臭氧与LED灯光均会加速银的腐蚀,两者共同作用时,会使银腐蚀更严重。升高LED灯色温、增加臭氧浓度或提升环境温度也同样会加速银的腐蚀,但不同品牌LED灯对银腐蚀的影响却相差无几。     

蓝光过滤多层功能薄膜的遗传算法设计

目的设计出一种在380~455 nm波段具有高反射率,但在500~760 nm波段具有低反射率的多层薄膜结构。方法采用遗传算法,采取截断选择策略,并引入小生境技术,选择灵活性较好的容差型评价函数,通过改变目标反射率,使功能薄膜在可见光波段具有增透与增反两种特性。采用八层不同折射率材料交替结构,计算得出满足光谱特性要求的全局膜系结构参数。结果当材料为硫化锌和氟化镁,厚度为324、142、68、46、51、51、56、145 nm时,380~455 nm波长处的平均反射率高达88.54%,500~760 nm波长处的平均反射率仅为2.00%。由几种常用光学薄膜材料的不同搭配,发现材料的折射率差与两波段的平均反射率差呈现相同趋势。当两种材料的折射率差为0.92时,两波段的平均反射率差为86.54%。结论采用的遗传算法可以简单有效地对多层薄膜结构进行优化,为获得较为理想的蓝光过滤功能薄膜,应尽可能选择折射率差大的两种材料。     

An evanescent-field optical microscope

The classic diffraction limit of resolution in optical microscopy (～γ/2) can be overcome by detecting the diffracted field of a submicrometre-size probe in its near field. The present stage of this so-called scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) is reviewed. An evanescent-field optical microscope (EFOM) is presented in which the near-field regime is provided by the exponentially decaying evanescent field caused by total internal reflection at a refractive-index transition. A sample placed in this field causes a spatial variation of the evanescent field which is characteristic for the dielectric and topographic properties of the sample. The evanescent field is frustrated by a dielectric probe and thus converted into a radiative field. In our case the probe consists either of an etched optical fibre or of a highly sharpened diamond tip. The probe is scanned over the sample surface with nanometre precision using a piezo-electric positioner. The distance between probe and sample is controlled by a feedback on the detected optical signal. The resolution of the microscope is determined by both the gradient of the evanescent field and the sharpness of the tip. Details of the experimental set-up are discussed. The coupling of the evanescent field to the submicrometre probe as a function of probe-sample distance, angle of incidence and polarization has been characterized quantitatively. The observed coupling is generally in agreement with presented theoretical calculations. Microscopy has been performed on a regular latex sphere structure, which clearly demonstrates the capacity of the evanescent-field optical microscope for nanometre-scale optical imaging. Resolution is typically 100 nm laterally and 10 nm vertically. The technique is promising for biological applications, especially if combined with optical spectroscopy.