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81.
为了在光照不足和低纹理场景中实现移动机器人的高精度实时定位和建图,提出了一种基于视觉点线特征以及IMU特征融合的实时SLAM算法.首先通过跳跃路由策略和自适应阈值策略改进了 EDlines算法,提高了线特征提取的质量,从而提高了特征跟踪的有效性.然后将视觉惯性特征紧耦合建立约束,通过滑动窗口和边缘化模型进行非线性优化,实现了高精度高实时性的状态估计.实验证明,所提算法在线特征提取的有效性方面优于传统的线段提取算法,同时SLAM系统的定位精度和鲁棒性均得到有效提升.  相似文献   
82.
里程计的安装误差和凹凸不平或者光滑地面的环境是影响机器人测程法定位精度的主要原因,针对这一问题,首先利用UMBmark校核算法定义了系统误差模型;然后基于陀螺仪的测量数据,提出了机器人直线移动时发生非系统误差的辨识算法,利用所给定的控制信号(输入)与里程计数据(输出)建立模糊神经网络模型,校正机器人自定位因为非系统误差而导致的严重位置误差和方向误差。最后采用上海大学自强队机器人平台验证所提出方法的有效性。  相似文献   
83.
This paper considers the problem of 3D motion recovery from a sequence of monocular images while zooming. Unlike the common trend based on point matches, the proposed method relies on the deformation of an active contour fitted to a reference object. We derive the relation between the contour deformation and the 3D motion components, assuming time-varying focal length and principal point. This relation allows us to present a method to extract the rotation matrix and the scaled translation along the optical axis.  相似文献   
84.
在移动机器人的定位中,测距法是广泛使用的方法之一。本文对移动机器人采用测距法定位时的系统误差进行了分析,得出了其系统误差产生的两个主要原因。提出了补偿误差的方法。通过在两轮驱动移动机器人MKⅡ上的实验显示出,该方法简单、实用,校正后的定位精度比校正前提高了10倍左右。  相似文献   
85.
研究了一种精度较高的视觉里程计实现方法。首先采用计算量小、精度高的SURF算法提取特征点,并采用最近邻向量匹配法进行特征点匹配;采用RANSAC算法求得帧间摄像机坐标系的转换矩阵;提出了一种视觉里程计标定方法,并通过该方法得到机器人起始点坐标系下的位移信息,保证了机器人有自身姿态变化时的定位的准确性;圆轨迹实验验证了视觉里程计算法的可行性。  相似文献   
86.
近年来,视觉里程计广泛应用于机器人和自动驾驶等领域,传统方法求解视觉里程计需基于特征提取、特征匹配和相机校准等复杂过程,同时各个模块之间要耦合在一起才能达到较好的效果,且算法的复杂度较高.环境噪声的干扰以及传感器的精度会影响传统算法的特征提取精度,进而影响视觉里程计的估算精度.鉴于此,提出一种基于深度学习并融合注意力机...  相似文献   
87.
温倩雯  苏毅辉  李庚 《电视技术》2021,45(3):100-105,125
昂贵的定位传感器限制了室内服务机器人相关技术在实际生活中的发展.室内服务机器人定位技术的发展趋势之一是使用价格低廉的传感器.因此,基于单目相机与轮式里程计两种价格低廉的传感器,提出一种适用于室内动态环境的机器人定位解决方案.该方案将相机朝向天花板,以减少室内动态环境下信息多变带来的误差,改变特征匹配策略以提升重复纹理场...  相似文献   
88.
    
An experimental comparison among visual odometry systems using lenses with three different focal lengths (an ultra wide angle, a medium wide angle and a telephoto lens) is presented. For each focal length, several translational and rotational tests are performed, taking into account and analyzing different positions of the system inside the laboratory. The influence of several operative parameters is analyzed, highlighting their effect on the visual odometry systems equipped with different lenses. Experimental errors and uncertainties obtained by the three systems are compared.  相似文献   
89.
    
One of the important tasks of an autonomous mobile vehicle is the reliable and fast estimation of its position over time. This paper presents the development of an adaptive technique to hasten and improve the quality of correlation‐based template matching for monocular visual odometry systems that estimate the relative motion of ground vehicles in low‐textured environments. Moreover, the factors that can affect the maximum permissible vehicle driving speed were determined and the related equations were derived. The developed system uses a single downward‐facing monocular camera installed at an optimum location to avoid the negative effect of directional sunlight and shadows which can disturb the correlation. In addition, the normalized cross‐correlation method is implemented to calculate the pixel displacement between image frames. Although this method is highly effective for template matching because of its invariance to linear brightness and contrast variations, it incurs high computational cost. Thus, the optimal sizes of image template and matching search area are selected and their locations are dynamically changed according to vehicle acceleration, in order to achieve a compromise between the performance and the computational cost of correlation. The proposed technique increases the allowable vehicle driving speed and reduces the probability of template false‐matching. Moreover, compared to traditional full search matching techniques, the adaptive technique demonstrates high efficiency and accuracy and improves the quality and speed of the correlation with more than 87% of reduction in computational cost. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   
90.
    
This paper develops and evaluates methods for performing auto-retrieval of a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) using fast 6D relocalisation from visual features. Auto-retrieval involves a combination of guided operation to direct the vehicle through obstacles using a human pilot and autonomous operation to navigate the vehicle on its return or during re-exploration. This approach is useful in tasks such as industrial inspection and monitoring, and in particular to operate indoors in GPS-denied environments. Our relocalisation methodology contrasts two sources of information: depth data and feature co-visibility, but in a novel manner that validates matches before a RANSAC procedure. The result is the ability of performing 6D relocalisation at an average of 50 Hz on individual maps containing 120 K features. The use of feature co-visibility reduces memory footprint as well as removes the need to employ depth data as used in previous work. This paper concludes with an example of an industrial application involving visual monitoring from a MAV aided by autonomous navigation.  相似文献   
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