易碎Be靶丸表面精密抛光技术与理论分析

目的建立一种新的易碎空心微球抛光机模型,并研制出该样机,用于空心Be微球的精密抛光。方法采用限位孔设计解决微球低应力夹持问题,添加不同数量的配重球,用于调整待抛球的滑动摩擦力大小和防止其飞出限位孔。上下盘偏心放置,实现微球无规运动。采用白光干涉仪分析抛光后Be微球的表面粗糙度。结果抛光机模型计算表明,待抛球一直在做周期性的变速和变加速运动,其周期大小由上盘转动频率决定,变加速运动增加了微球的滑动摩擦成分,有利于提高微球抛光效率。此外,待抛球表面抛光轨迹呈现无规行走,这有利于抛光的均匀性。使用该原理抛光机,在24 h内能够将直径1.2 mm、均方根表面粗糙度510 nm的易碎铍(Be)靶丸抛光至85 nm。结论理论和实验共同验证了易碎微球抛光机模型的合理性和可行性,上下盘放置方式、限位孔大小设计和配重球数量等关系着易碎微球的抛光均匀性和抛光效率。     

Apparent power-law distributions in animal movements can arise from intraspecific interactions

Lévy flights have gained prominence for analysis of animal movement. In a Lévy flight, step-lengths are drawn from a heavy-tailed distribution such as a power law (PL), and a large number of empirical demonstrations have been published. Others, however, have suggested that animal movement is ill fit by PL distributions or contend a state-switching process better explains apparent Lévy flight movement patterns. We used a mix of direct behavioural observations and GPS tracking to understand step-length patterns in females of two related butterflies. We initially found movement in one species (Euphydryas editha taylori) was best fit by a bounded PL, evidence of a Lévy flight, while the other (Euphydryas phaeton) was best fit by an exponential distribution. Subsequent analyses introduced additional candidate models and used behavioural observations to sort steps based on intraspecific interactions (interactions were rare in E. phaeton but common in E. e. taylori). These analyses showed a mixed-exponential is favoured over the bounded PL for E. e. taylori and that when step-lengths were sorted into states based on the influence of harassing conspecific males, both states were best fit by simple exponential distributions. The direct behavioural observations allowed us to infer the underlying behavioural mechanism is a state-switching process driven by intraspecific interactions rather than a Lévy flight.     

Image saliency estimation via random walk guided by informativeness and latent signal correlations

Visual saliency is an effective tool for perceptual image processing. In the past decades, many saliency models have been proposed by primarily considering visual cues such as local contrast and global rarity. However, such explicit cues derived only from input stimuli are often insufficient to separate targets from distractors, leading to noisy saliency maps. In fact, the latent cues, especially the latent signal correlations that link visually distinct stimuli (e.g., various parts of a salient target), may also play an important role in saliency estimation. In this paper, we propose a graph-based approach for image saliency estimation by incorporating both explicit visual cues and latent signal correlations. In our approach, the latent correlations between various image patches are first derived according to the statistical prior obtained from 10 million reference images. After that, the informativeness of image patches and their latent correlations are jointly considered to construct a directed graph, on which a random walking process is performed to generate saliency maps that pop-out only the most salient locations. Experimental results show that our approach achieves impressive performances on three public image benchmarks.     

RWO-Sampling: A random walk over-sampling approach to imbalanced data classification

This study investigates how to alleviate the class imbalance problems for constructing unbiased classifiers when instances in one class are more than that in another. Since keeping the data distribution unchanged and expanding class boundaries after synthetic samples have been added influence the classification performance greatly, we take into account the above two factors, and propose a Random Walk Over-Sampling approach (RWO-Sampling) to balancing different class samples by creating synthetic samples through randomly walking from the real data. When some conditions are satisfied, it can be proved that, both the expected average and the standard deviation of the generated samples equal to that of the original minority class data. RWO-Sampling also expands the minority class boundary after synthetic samples have been generated. In this work, we perform a broad experimental evaluation, and experimental results show that, RWO-Sampling statistically does much better than alternative methods on imbalanced data sets when implementing common baseline algorithms.     

基于图学习的社会网络图像标签排序算法

提出一种社会网络图像标签排序算法。将SIFT特征、卷积神经网络特征以及视觉词袋模型相结合,从图像训练集中获取目标图像的视觉近邻图像集;令所有视觉近邻图像为目标图像的初始标签进行加权投票,通过对图像视觉相似度和标签语义相似度的线性融合,计算投票权值;利用目标图像及其视觉近邻图像的标签,构造标签图模型;利用加权投票结果在标签图上执行随机漫步,完成标签排序任务。实验结果验证了提出方法的有效性。     

遗传算法中自适应的比例选择策略

基于适应度比例的选择策略是遗传算法的基本选择方法,但采用该策略易出现未成熟收敛和随机漫游现象。通过实验分析了两种现象的成因,提出采用自适应的比例选择策略来依据种群性状的改变而动态地调整选择压力,进而调整算法求精和求泛能力的平衡。分析和对比实验证实,新的选择策略可有效克服未成熟收敛和随机漫游现象。     

Hydro-thermal-wind scheduling employing novel ant lion optimization technique with composite ranking index

A solution to the combined hydro-thermal-wind scheduling problem of multi reservoir cascaded hydro plants is presented employing a novel ant lion optimization (ALO) algorithm. Five objectives, cost, various emissions and power loss, are simultaneously optimized. The optimal schedules of thermal, hydro and wind power (WP) units are determined for continuously varying load subject to a large number of practical operational constraints. The effect of reserve and penalty coefficients and WP uncertainty is also investigated for the multi-objective (MO) problem. The newly proposed ALO algorithm has unique features like random walk, roulette wheel, and boundary shrinking. These operations provide a judicious balance between exploration and exploitation, and create a powerful optimization technique for complex real-world problems.Finding the best compromise solution (BCS) is a tedious task when multiple objectives are involved. A composite ranking index (CRI) is proposed as a performance metrics for MO problems. The CRI helps the decision maker in ranking the large number of Pareto-optimal solutions. The developed model is tested on three standard systems, having a mix of hydro, thermal and wind generators. The performance is found to be superior to published results and comparable with established algorithms like artificial bee colony (ABC) and differential evolution (DE).     

结合二部图投影与排序的协同过滤

协同过滤是推荐系统中应用最为广泛的方法.提出一类基于二部图一维投影与排序相结合的协同过滤算法,文中采用结构相似进行二部图投影并利用随机游走对节点排序.该方法不仅可以防止冷启动,具有较高准确度,且可扩展性良好.另外,该算法可以避免低覆盖率造成的推荐不准确.算法可以有两类不同的实现,分别是基于项协同过滤的项排序算法和基于用户协同过滤的用户排序算法,在标准数据集MovieLens上的测试表明了算法的有效性.