Energy use in controlled temperature marine aquaculture

Temperature control offers benefits in land‐based marine aquaculture: stock growth rates may be enhanced by heating in winter; mortality rates in summer may be reduced by cooling. However, if the plant is not well designed, temperature control may create very large energy demands. This paper describes the application of temperature control in abalone aquaculture in New Zealand, with a focus on energy considerations in plant design. An abalone farm using a semi‐closed water conditioning system is used as a case study for which an energy model, based on a heat pump system, is developed. The model is used to determine the impact of plant design and tank conditions on the economics of the operation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Integration of GIS and multicriteria decision analysis for urban aquaculture development in Bangladesh

Site selection is a key factor in any aquaculture operation, affecting both success and sustainability as well as solving land or water use conflicts. This study was conducted to identify suitable sites for carp farming development in urban water bodies (UWBs) of Chittagong, Bangladesh using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based MultiCriteria Evaluation (MCE) of water, soil and infrastructure database. ASTER imagery and 14 thematic layers were analyzed with ENVI and GIS capabilities, and developed a series of GIS models to identify and prioritize the appropriate UWBs for carp farming. The study identified 487 UWBs occupying 362 ha and revealed 280 ha (77%) is the most suitable, 36 ha (10%) is moderately suitable and 46 ha (13%) is not suitable which was consistent with field verification. The results are encouraging for extension of carp culture and diversify the economic activities of the urban dwellers.     

基于无线传感网的现代水产养殖监控系统设计

针对传统水产养殖存在的弊端,文章设计了一款基于无线传感网、移动互联及云计算等技术的养殖水体环境因子智能化监控系统,可以实现对水体关键环境因子的快速检测、及时反馈和自动调节,对于发展高效、生态、安全的现代水产养殖业具有重要的推动作用。     

光催化技术在水处理中的应用研究进展

光催化技术在水处理领域的应用,既可以提高水质安全,也可以缓解全球能源和水资源短缺问题,是一项具有广泛应用前景的技术。本文首先介绍了光催化技术的基本原理及常用光催化剂的特点,综述了光催化剂技术在饮用水和废水处理应用方面的研究进展及发展方向,重点介绍了光催化技术在饮用水中的除嗅、消毒,在染料废水、含油废水、制药废水、催化还原重金属离子、养殖废水、焦化废水方面的应用,为类似污染水质的处理提供了的参考依据,最后对光催化技术及光催化剂的发展进行了展望。     

生物活性炭深度处理循环水产养殖废水研究

以经过臭氧氧化消毒→机械过滤→生物过滤的养鱼废水为原水,研究了生物活性炭对水产养殖废水中氨氮、亚硝态氮和COD深度处理的效果,并与活性炭吸附处理进行了对比研究.结果表明,在滤速14m·h-1、进水水温23.3～30.3℃、pH为7.35～8.06、溶解氧质量浓度为6.0～8.1 mg·L-1、氨氮质量浓度0.204～0.984mg·L-1、亚硝态氮质量浓度0.090～1.003 mg·L-1、COD为13.44～26.80mg·L-1的条件下,生物活性炭对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和COD的平均去除率分别达到85.5%、90.1%和43.8%.经生物活性炭处理后,出水氨氮和亚硝态氮浓度均达到了花鳗养殖对水质的要求,达标率分别为100%和97.6%,可以循环回用;在滤速14m·h-1,低进水氨氮、亚硝态氮浓度下,活性炭吸附对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮几乎没有去除作用,但对COD的吸附去除率高达52.3%.     

Nitrification in a packed bed bioreactor integrated into a marine recirculating maturation system under different substrate concentrations and flow rates

BACKGROUND: A packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) activated with an indigenous nitrifying bacterial consortia was developed and commercialized for rapid establishment of nitrification in brackish water and marine hatchery systems in the tropics. The present study evaluated nitrification in PBBR integrated into a Penaeus monodon recirculating maturation system under different substrate concentrations and flow rates. RESULTS: Instant nitrification was observed after integration of PBBR into the maturation system. TAN and NO₂‐N concentrations were always maintained below 0.5 mg L^?1 during operation. The TAN and NO₂‐N removal was significant (P < 0.001) in all the six reactor compartments of the PBBR having the substrates at initial concentrations of 2, 5 and 10 mg L^?1. The average volumetric TAN removal rates increased with flow rates from 43.51 (250 L h^?1) to 130.44 (2500 L h^?1) gTAN m^?3 day^?1 (P < 0.05). FISH analysis of the biofilms after 70 days of operation gave positive results with probes NSO 190 ((β ammonia oxidizers), NsV 443 (Nitrosospira spp.) NEU (halophilic Nitrosomonas), Ntspa 712 (Phylum Nitrospira) indicating stability of the consortia. CONCLUSION: The PBBR integrated into the P. monodon maturation system exhibited significant nitrification upon operation for 70 days as well as at different substrate concentrations and flow rates. This system can easily be integrated into marine and brackish water aquaculture systems, to establish instantaneous nitrification. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于多智能体协同的无线传感网络水产养殖监控系统

基于现有监控系统在自学习能力和监控范围方面的局限,将多智能体技术引入到规模化水产养殖监控系统中,提出了一种基于多智能体协同的无线传感网络水产养殖监控系统。系统由信息采集智能体、信息汇聚智能体、环境调节智能体、现场监控智能体和远程监控智能体组成。通过多智能体间的协作,使系统的监控能力得以增强,便于适应多变的养殖环境。试验结果表明,系统能够根据养殖环境因子的变化对养殖环境进行调节,精度满足要求,能够适应规模化水产养殖环境监控的需要。     

多Agent水质监控系统中的信息融合算法

在凡纳滨对虾集约化淡水养殖中,温度、pH值、非离子氨质量浓度是3项重要的水质因子,三者之间存在着非线性耦合关系。基于这一耦合关系,提出水质信息融合Agent结构和二级信息融合算法。在融合算法的第一级,采用正向推理机制,基于规则库推断水质因子是否超标。在融合算法的第二级,根据水质因子的耦合关系模型,采用数据库搜索和固定步长搜索策略寻找合适的温度和pH值,通过在线调节温度和pH值的方法,同时将温度、pH值、非离子氨质量浓度调整至合理范围,以满足养殖要求。试验结果表明,信息融合算法能够有效地调节养殖水质,减少换水次数。     

Integrated Membrane Bioreactor for Water Quality Control in Marine Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

The aquaculture live feed organisms Acartia tonsa (a calanoid copepod, experiment 1) and Brachionus “Cayman” (a rotifer, experiment 2) were cultivated in marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), respectively. The pilot plant was built as a combination of conventional RAS (cRAS) and as a modified RAS which implemented an ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor (MBR) for the removal of fine suspended solids and colloidal particles as part of the treatment system (mRAS). The two treatment schemes were connected to the same biofilter (a moving bed bioreactor). In the first experiment, the membrane was operated with no extraction of concentrate, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 hours (i.e., water exchange in the cultivation tanks of 4 times per day). In the second experiment, the membrane was operated with daily extraction of concentrate, and HRT of 12 hours. Results show that the MBR option is more efficient in removing particles from the recycle stream than conventional RAS. However, the impact this has on the number of particles in the live feed cultivation tanks is not readily apparent based on particle analysis. The amount of suspended solids added during feeding exceeds the amount removed in the recycle system. This requires a higher recirculation rate and different membrane operating conditions.     

植物性食品中氯丹残留量快速测定方法

建立用气相色谱仪法快速测定植物性食品中氯丹残留量。试样经丙酮提取,正己烷萃取,使用HP-5色谱柱分离,ECD测定。结果表明,顺式氯丹、反式氯丹与氧氯丹能够很好分离,在0．2-100pg,L线性关系良好（r≥O．999）。在2．0-10．0．g／kg的添加水平范围内的平均回收率为82．8％-94．6％,相对标准偏差为2．0％-6．5％。顺式氯丹、反式氯丹与氧氯丹该方法检出限均为0．5gg／kg。