几类固体吸附剂的吸氟能力研究

本文通过大量实验数据比较了几类固体吸附剂的吸氟能力及pH值的影响,同时从吸附理论上进行了初步探讨。     

天然沸石负载壳聚糖吸附废水中铅离子的研究

根据天然沸石离子交换特性和壳聚糖在溶液中带有的正电荷,将80目天然沸石与65%脱乙酰度壳聚糖的0.5%醋酸溶液混合,使壳聚糖负载在天然沸石上,制成颗粒吸附剂,用于去除废水中Pb2+.最佳工艺条件是壳聚糖与天然沸石质量比为120,颗粒吸附剂用量为15g/L,废水中Pb2+质量浓度不大于100mg/L,pH为4～4.5,吸附平衡时间为8 h,Pb2+去除率为99%.与活性炭吸附法相比,天然沸石-壳聚糖复合吸附剂吸附效果相近,成本仅为其1/6.与单一的天然沸石或壳聚糖相比,该吸附剂对Pb2+离子的吸附能力强,成本低.     

汽轮机油旁路再生脱水处理技术

汽轮机油旁路再生新技术,可以成倍提高运行汽轮机油的使用寿命,再生汽轮机油主要有水分、酸值、破乳化度和颗粒度四项指数要求.旁路再生的效果取决于吸附剂的性能.极性硅铝吸附剂的吸酸量是小硅藻土的4.6倍,再生后油品破乳化度达到8 min.     

活性炭吸附剂控制Hg排放的研究进展

活性炭吸附剂表现出较好的物理与化学性能,经催化处理得到的较高O、N含量的活性炭可提高其吸附能力。利用活性炭吸附剂控制烟气Hg排放,必须考虑SO2、NOx和Hg之间的相互影响。     

大洋多金属结核的非冶金加工应用

基于大洋多金属结核具有的特殊物理化学性质,本文重点介绍国内外开展的大洋多金属结核非冶金加工利用的研究情况。     

6-羧基壳聚糖凝胶珠及其吸附尿毒症低分子毒物研究

用NO2将壳聚糖6位羟甲基氧化成羧基,再以戊二醛作交联剂制备了具有较高强度的6羧基壳聚糖凝胶珠。SEM观察确认凝胶珠表面均匀分布许多“沟槽”。凝胶珠对尿毒症低分子毒物尿酸、马尿酸和肌酐的吸附量分别为2.61、1.5和0.81mg/g;几乎不吸附牛血清蛋白、尿素、肌酸。富含低分子毒物的血清经凝胶珠吸附后,其尿酸和马尿酸的含量可接近人体液正常值。     

膨润土-塑料原料吸附剂制备试验研究

针对膨润土在废水处理中容易发生分散粉化的问题,将某些塑料原料如(PVC、ABS等)与之混合.利用塑料生产工艺将其制备成粒状膨润土吸附剂,并研究了几种产品及其微波活化产品分别对含Cr3 废水的吸附效果。结果表明,三种产品对Cr3 均有较好的吸附效果,塑料原料配比对其吸附效果基本无影响。     

Reaction Activity of Kaolinite Surfaces：Quantum Chemistry Calculations

The anion-kaolinite surface infractions and AuS - adsorption onto the surfaces of kaolinite were studied using the self-consistent-field discrete variation ( SCF - Xα - DV) method. Electronic structure and energies of the system of anion AuS- adsorbed on an atomic cluster of kaolinite were calculated. The results show that the systems with lower total energy are those AuS- adsorbed on the edge surfaces, which indicates that the systems of adsorption of AuS- on the edges are more stable relative to those adsorbed on the basal plane. On the other hand, bond order data suggest that significant shifting of atomic charge and the overlapping of electronic cloud between Au ( Ⅰ ) of the AuS- and the surface ions of kaolinite would take place in the systems with AuS - being adsorbed on the edges, especially at the she near A1 octahedra. Therqrore, it can be concluded that edge sites will dominate the complexation reactions of the surfaces of kaolinite, with negligible contributions from other fimctional groups on the basal plane, which are dominated by either siloxane sites in silica layers or aluminol sites in gibbsite layers.     

燃煤飞灰对痕量重金属吸附脱除的研究

煤燃烧过程中生成的飞灰实际上是一种吸附痕量重金属的固体吸附剂，而飞灰结构和组分、灰中含碳量以及烟气温度等因素对飞灰吸附脱除痕量重金属有不同的影响。研究表明，这种吸附脱除机理是一种复杂的物理吸附和化学反应及化学吸附的组合，飞灰本身的结构特性和化学组分对痕量元素的吸附影响很大，烟温也是关键的影响因素，而灰中含碳量对其影响很小。     

Mineralogy of clean coal combustion by-products

Coal combustion technologies are changing in order to burn coal more cleanly. Many “clean combustion“ and postcombustion technologies are developed to remove SO2 and NOx gases, particulate matter during combustion, or from the flue gases leaving the furnace. This paper focuses on three types of fly ash (flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residuals, atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) residuals and sorbent duct injection (SDI) residuals) which produced by “the clean combustion“ and postcombustion technologies. The residuals formed by FGD are PCFA (pulverized coal fly ash) grains entrained with reacted and unreacted sorbent and have lower bulk densities than PCFA grains because it contains higher concentrations of calcium and sulfur, and lower concentrations of silicon, aluminum and iron than PCFAs. AFBC residuals consist of spent bed which is a heterogeneous mixture of coarse-grained bed material and irregularly shaped, unfused, spherical PCFAs. The main crystalline phases in AFBC residuals are anhydrite (reacted sorbent), quartz and lime (unreacted sobent), calcite, hematite, periclase, magnetite and feldspars.The residuals produced by SDI contained 65%-70% PCFA with the larger sizes material being irregularly shaped, fused or roughedged. The reaction products of sorbent (portlandite and lime) included calcium sulfate (anhydrite) and calcium sulfate. The chemical properties of these residuals are similar to those of high calcium PCFAs because of the high alkalinity and high pH of these residuals.