调整产业结构需要新的思路

经过了30多年的改革开放后,中国再次走到了产业结构调整的关口。十八大报告提出,要推进经济结构战略性调整。这是加快转变经济发展方式的主攻方向。报告还提出,必须以改善需求结构、优化产业结构、促进区域协调发展、推进城镇化为重点,着力解决制约经济持续健康发展的重大结构性问题。这意味着,产业调整可能会成为未来结构调整的重要议题。     

Preparation and characterization of PEGDE crosslinked silk fibroin film

To obtain water-insoluble silk fibroin(SF) materials, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether(PEG-DE) was selected as a crosslinking agent to prepare SF films(blends). The reaction conditions were optimized for the crosslinking of the SF molecules. The hot water stability of the blends was measured using BCA protein assay and gravimetric analysis. The molecular conformation and crystalline structure of the blends were analyzed by FTIR and XRD, respectively. When the mass ratio of SF:PEG-DE was 1.0:0.8, the hot water loss rate of the SF blends was minimized. PEG-DE could induce SF molecules to form β-sheets during the gel reaction process, resulting in improved crystallinity and hot water dissolved resistance of the blend films. In order to demonstrate the cytotoxicity of the chemical reagents used to crosslink SF, L929 cells were seeded on the blend film(SF:PEG-DE = 1:1) and cultured for 3 days. Cells of L929 readily adhered and spread in the fusiform on the blend film resulting in high cell viability. The extracted liquid from the SF porous film did not inhibit cell proliferation, as estimated by the MTT assay.     

Cooling rate effects on the structure and transformation behavior of Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloys

Different fragments of a hot-rolled and homogenized Cu–Zn–Al shape memory alloy（SMA） were subjected to thermal cycling by means of a differential scanning calorimetric（DSC） device. During thermal cycling, heating was performed at the same constant rate of increasing temperature while cooling was carried out at different rates of decreasing temperature. For each cooling rate, the temperature decreased in the same thermal interval. During each cooling stage, an exothermic peak（maximum） was observed on the DSC thermogram. This peak was associated with forward martensitic transformation. The DSC thermograms were analyzed with PROTEUS software： the critical martensitic transformation start（Ms） and finish（Mf） temperatures were determined by means of integral and tangent methods, and the dissipated heat was evaluated by the area between the corresponding maximum plot and a sigmoid baseline. The effects of the increase in cooling rate, assessed from a calorimetric viewpoint, consisted in the augmentation of the exothermic peak and the delay of direct martensitic transformation. The latter had the tendency to move to lower critical transformation temperatures. The martensite plates changed in morphology by becoming more oriented and by an augmenting in surface relief, which corresponded with the increase in cooling rate as observed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and atomic force microscopy（AFM）.     

微-纳米复合陶瓷超声振动磨削的塑性-脆性 转变特征研究

基于工件超声振动磨削的单磨粒运动模型,建立超声振动磨削单磨粒最大切削厚度agm ax公式;基于压痕断裂力学,给出硬脆材料超声振动磨削塑性-脆性转变临界条件,进行超声振动磨削与普通磨削对比试验,应用SEM和AFM分析陶瓷磨削表面微观形貌特征,重点研究磨削参数对其塑性-脆性转变特征的影响。研究结果表明,砂轮平均磨粒尺寸是影响塑性-脆性转变最为主要的因素,砂轮速度对其影响次之,磨削深度对塑性-脆性转变的影响最小;得出只有当agm ax小于临界切削深度agc时,才能实现硬脆材料塑性域磨削的重要结论。     

1J79合金的中温退火工艺

通常,1J79合金最终退火的目的在于：通过控制冷却速度来控制有序化转变,使合金的磁致伸缩系数λ和磁晶各向异性常数K趋向于零,以获得所需磁导率（μ0,μm）和尽可能低的矫顽力（Hc）.实际生产中,某些批次原材料经一次最终高温退火（≤500℃/h升温至1100℃,保温5 h,150℃/h冷至600℃,出炉空冷）后磁导率和矫顽力常常不能满足要求,根据HB/Z192-1991《软磁合金热处理工艺说明书》的建议,磁性能不合格的重复热处理允许按原工艺制度再次处理,也可加热至500℃,保温2 h,以不小于400℃/h速度冷至200℃以下出炉.通过多年生产实践,我们发现,采用中温退火进行重复热处理,也不失为一种好的满足磁性能的退火工艺.     

镧离子注入对纯锆抗高温氧化性能的影响

对纯锆表面注入了1×10~(16)ions/cm~2～1×10~(17)ions/cm~2的镧离子,并在500℃条件下进行了空气氧化增重研究。用XPS分析了注入的镧、锆的价态;用AES分析了镧锆氧三元素的深度分布;用0.3°小角X光掠射(GAXRD)分析了高温氧化时氧化锆的相转变。结果表明,纯锆表面注入La离子后,其抗高温氧化性能显著提高,且注入剂量越大效果越强,注入氧化膜以La_2O_3和ZrO_22种形式存在;由于La离子的注入,促使形成大量四方相氧化锆(t-ZrO_2),而且减少四方相氧化锆(t-ZrO_2)向单斜相氧化锆(m-ZrO_2)的转变,这是纯锆氧化速率降低的根本原因。     

ZA27合金等温转变动力学研究

利用所设计的热效应装置研究了ＺＡ２７合金等温转变动力学,结果发现：合金等温动力学转变曲线呈Ｃ曲线;淬火时效早期发生了ｓｐｉｎｏｄａｌ分解。     

预退火时间对Pd40Cu30Ni10P20玻璃转变及晶化的影响

采用示差扫描量热(DSC)分析方法,测定了大块非晶合金Pd40Cu30Ni10P20经523 K((Tg-100 K)＜7＜Tg)不同时间(0～64 h)预退火后的玻璃转变温度7g、玻璃转变峰温度TM、起始晶化温度Tx、晶化峰的峰温Tp、晶化焓以及在玻璃转变过程中的比热容增量,并根据Kissinger公式计算了晶化的表观活化能.同时,测量了不同时间预退火后样品的显微硬度.结果表明:在玻璃转变温度以下的预退火处理使Pd40Cu30Ni10P20大块非晶合金的微观原子组态发生变化,从而影响了其随后的玻璃转变行为,但对晶化的影响不大.其显微硬度随预退火时间的延长而逐步增加后趋于稳定.并利用结构弛豫理论分析了预退火对玻璃转变、晶化和显微硬度的影响.     

Formation of texture of Ni48Mn31Ga21 polycrystalline alloy by thermal simulation pack rolling technology

1 Introduction Heusler type Ni2MnGa magnetic shape memoryalloy, which is a new kind of functional material withferromagnetism and thermoelastic martensitictransformation, attracts the interests of many people allover the world in recent years. The alloy …     

一种新型镍基高温合金组织及性能的研究

GH4742(俄ЭП742)合金属于典型的高合金化难变形镍基高温合金涡轮盘材料，本文通过调整Al、Ti、Nb的成分对GH4742合金进行改进，发明了一种新型镍基高温合金。利用JMatPro模拟得到平衡相图，再利用光学金相显微镜和场发射扫描电镜对合金的晶粒组织、碳化物以及γ′相分布情况进行观察，同时对力学性能进行了检测。结果表明：平衡状态下的合金从1 400 ℃到300 ℃的冷却过程中相转变可概括为L → L+γ → L+γ+MC →γ+MC+γ′ → γ+γ′+MC+μ → γ+γ′+μ+MC+M23C6 → γ+γ′+μ+MC+M23C6+σ，780 ℃下析出γ′相的质量分数为40.88%；锻造变形工艺为γ+γ′双相区变形，1 120 ℃固溶后经过标准双时效处理(850 ℃/6 h/AC＋780 ℃/6 h/AC)后的显微组织明显可见两种不同尺寸晶粒，小晶粒(13 μm)呈项链状分布于大晶粒(100 μm)周围；该合金中的碳化物主要为大尺寸、不规则形状的MC(NbC、TiC、VC)，断续穿晶和沿晶分布；强化相γ′相的分布状态也有大小两种不同尺寸，γ′I相平均直径为600 nm，γ′II相平均直径为150 nm，两种尺寸γ′相强化的良好匹配，使得该合金在具有较高强度的同时又具有较高的塑性，力学性能优异，室温抗拉强度1 478 MPa，尤其是650 ℃/863 MPa下的持久性能为194 h，远远超过GH4742合金650 ℃/823 MPa持久下50 h的标准。