Study on T700/cyanate/PS/epoxy composites with ex-situ toughening technique

Composites were prepared with polysulfone through ex-situ toughening technique. The dynamic parameters of cyanate/epoxy resin were studied by differential scanning calorimetric（DSC） analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis（DMA）. Microstructual toughening mechanism was studied through scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The particle microstructure in interlaminar region of composites toughened through ex-situ toughening technique revealed that a reaction induced phase decomposition and phase inversion happened in the interlaminar region. The thermosetting particles were surrounded by the PS phase, which could signifi cantly improve the delamination resistance of composites. The compression after impact（CAI） can be signifi cantly improved from 180 MPa to 260 MPa by using ex-situ toughening while the mechanical properties are not affected.     

Organic additive implantation onto cement hydration products

In polymer modified cementitious materials, it is hard to set up a chemical connection between the added polymer and the cement moiety. In this study FS （functional silane） was adopted to form this connection as a bridge component which has the functional group forming bonds with polymer. To testify the connection between FS and cement moiety, Q2/Q1 ratio （Qx： intensity ratio） investigation was carried out by the means of quantitative solid state 29Si MAS NMR. The results show that the Q2/Q1 ratio has increased with the addition of FS which indicates that the silicon chain length has increased, and the quantity of silicon atoms at site of Q2, chain site, has enhanced, showing that the silicon atom of FS has connected to the silicon chain of cement moiety by the bond ＂-Si-O-Si-＂ formation.     

Preparation and properties of PMMA modified silica aerogels from diatomite

Diatomite was used as raw material to prepare sodium silicate with a modulus of 3.1 by alkalidissolution method and the resulted sodium silicate solution was employed as a precursor. Methyl methacrylate monomers were introduced in wet gels through solution-immersion, and upon heating at 70 ℃, the mesoporous surfaces throughout the skeletal framework were coated with the polymer layer. PMMA modified silica aerogels were successfully synthesized via ambient pressure drying. The properties were investigated by FTIR, NMR, TGA, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, FESEM and nano-indentation, etc. Results indicate that with the increasing of PMMA incorporated into silica aerogels, the bulk density and the BET surface area increase, the porosity decreases. Through the observation of FESEM, it is found that the interconnecting pores and the big pores add, the pore size distribution expands from 5-17 to 28-150 nm. By comparison, the PMMA modified silica aerogels achieve a 52-fold increase in hardness and a 10-fold increase in modulus.     

芳纶纤维表面改性及其对芳纶纸力学性能的影响

利用氯磺酸、醋酸酐对芳纶短切纤维进行了改性处理,再用处理后的纤维配抄芳纶纸,探讨了处理工艺对芳纶纸力学性能的影响.结果表明,当氯磺酸浓度为2%,处理时间为10min,处理温度为50℃时,芳纶纸的力学性能较好.用100%的醋酸酐对芳纶纤维进行处理然后配抄成纸,所得纸张的抗张指数和撕裂指数分别提高了63.8%和21.4%.另外,芳纶纤维经过醋酸酐浸泡1min后再用甲醇处理3min,芳纶纸的抗张指数和撕裂指数分别提高了84.7%和38.4%.     

Morphology,crystal structure and hydration of calcined and modified anhydrite

The effects of calcination and modification on the morphology （shapes and textures） and crystal structure of anhydrite powders were studied. The results show that, calcination at 100℃ causes anhydrite to disintegrate into smaller crystals, accompanied by a slight in- crease in d-spacing. Without calcination and modification, the solidification time and curing time of anhydrite are 15 and 77 h, respectively. After the treatment, however, the solidification time and curing time are shortened significantly to 9.5 and 14 rain, respectively. The com- pressive and flexural strengths of hydration products made from the treated anhydrite reach 10.2 and 2.0 MPa, respectively. The much shorter solidification and curing time make it possible to use anhydrite as a building and construction material.     

大豆蛋白改性维纶纤维的电学性质研究

为了降低大豆蛋白改性维纶纤维在纺纱过程中的静电现象,通过测试不同温湿度状态下的大豆蛋白改性维纶纤维的比电阻,对大豆蛋白改性维纶纤维的质量比电阻与温湿度条件间的关系进行实验研究。实验结果表明,大豆蛋白改性维纶纤维和普通维纶纤维的质量比电阻随着相对湿度和温度的升高而降低;大豆蛋白改性维纶纤维和普通维纶纤维的质量比电阻对数,随着相对湿度和温度的升高而降低,而且相对湿度在60%以上及温度在30℃以内时,大豆蛋白改性维纶纤维的质量比电阻及质量比电阻对数低于普通维纶纤维,降低程度较明显。因此,适当提高温湿度条件,可以使纤维纺纱时的静电问题得到控制。该研究为大豆蛋白纤维纺织生产提供了理论依据。     

PVDF-HFP基复合微孔聚合物电解质膜的制备与改性

为了提高聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDF-HFP)基电解质的离子电导率和机械强度,采用倒相法,制备出复合聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯基电解质PVDF-HFP-Si O2.复合电解质的形貌、结构和电化学性能分别用SEM、XRD和交流阻抗法进行了表征.结果表明:纳米Si O2的加入增强了聚合物的拉伸强度,同时有效降低了聚合物的结晶度.PVDF-HFP-Si O2分解电压为5.1V,离子迁移数为0.81,聚合物电解质的电导率(25℃)为4.84×10-3S·cm-1.     

152型碱式硫酸镁晶须疏水改性研究

以乙醇为溶剂,十七氟葵基三乙氧基硅烷(AC-FAS)为改性剂,对152型碱式硫酸镁晶须(152MHSH)的疏水改性进行了研究。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-Ray衍射仪(XRD),傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和水接触角测试仪(CAM)等测试手段对改性前后样品的形貌、结晶状况及产品组成等进行了表征。结果表明,通过疏水性处理,改性剂被成功包覆在152碱式硫酸镁晶须表面,实现了对其疏水改性的目的。当改性处理时间为1h时获得了理想的疏水表面,其水接触角达到126°。FT-IR、XRD、SEM及EDS分析均表明AC-FAS仅成功包覆在MHSH晶须的表面,并未对晶须的晶型造成影响。     

稀土改性钛基二氧化锡催化电极制备及降解苯酚研究

改性钛基电极以析氧过电位低、副反应少、使用寿命长等优点得到广泛应用.采用钛酸丁脂作为钛源,SnCl4＆#183;5H2O为锡源,掺杂不同Ce量,采用浸渍法制备稀土改性钛基二氧化锡催化电极,用XRD对电极进行表征,同时采用制备的电极进行苯酚降解实验,考察了电流强度、降解时间、pH和电解质浓度对降解率的影响.稀土改性电极表面呈纳米结构,苯酚降解率随电流强度、降解时间、电解质浓度增加而升高,随pH值增大先增加后降低,实验条件下苯酚降解率可达到90％;通过实验数据得到了降解率的关联式,计算值与实验值吻合较好,误差在＆#177;10％范围内.     

改性脂肪酸的物化性质及浮选性能研究

以油酸和改性油酸为胶磷矿捕收剂,研究了改性前、后油酸的物化性能及浮选特性。物化性能研究结果表明:改性后油酸因引入过氧羟基,酸值和临界胶团溶度均增大,溶解分散性提高;碘值不变,分子中CC双键没有遭到破坏。浮选试验结果表明,改性油酸耐低温性有了显著改善,温度由55℃降低到15℃,磷精矿品位和回收率仅分别降低1.48%和2.98%,可实现常温正浮选;改性油酸的捕收性和选择性明显提高,精矿产率相同时,捕收剂用量减少45.86%,精矿品位相同时,回收率提升值为5%~8%。浮选动力学研究表明:改性油酸的浮选速度常数和最大回收率分别提高了29.45%和8.17%,具有更快的浮选速率和对磷灰石更好的回收效果。