高深宽比SU-8微结构的简易加工技术

为了提高微驱动器的性能,提出了一种在氧化铟锡(ITO)玻璃上加工高深宽比SU-8微结构的方法.在导电玻璃的ITO层上涂覆一薄层AZ-4620正光胶,用常规的接触式曝光法,将光刻掩模上的二维图形转移到AZ-4620光胶层上,显影后利用ITO玻璃的导电性,在AZ-4620光胶曝光处电沉积镍,原掩膜图形可保真地转移到ITO玻璃表面的镍镀层上,使紫外光透过ITO玻璃基底进行反面曝光,从而保证了光刻掩模与SU-8光胶层间的完全接触,消除了厚光胶层表面不平在曝光时的散射和基片材料的反射影响,成功制备了深宽比为16、侧壁垂直度为89.5°的微结构.本方法使用设备简单,加工成本低.     

Microstructural evolution and interfacial reactions between Ti and ZrO2/CaTiO3 composites

Various proportions of ZrO₂/CaTiO₃ powders were mixed and hot pressed at 1500°C/30 min for Ti casting. The hot-pressed ZrO₂/CaTiO₃ composites were reacted with pure Ti at 1700°C/10 min in Ar. The interfacial reaction between Ti and ZrO₂/CaTiO₃ composites was investigated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ZrO₂/CaTiO₃ composites with less than 10 vol.%, CaTiO₃, and a minor amount of residual TiO₂ were found. When the content of ZrO₂ was increased to larger than 10 vol.%, two Ca₂Zr₅Ti₂O₁₆ and CaZrTi₂O₇ phases appeared in the composites. The amount of CaTiO₃ and CaZrTi₂O₇ in the composites gradually decreased as the amount of ZrO₂ increased. When Ti came in contact with ZrO₂/CaTiO₃ composites with less than 10 vol.% ZrO₂, the resulting eutectic reaction produced a liquid phase and induced melting. When ZrO₂ was increased to more than 30 vol.% in the composites, Ca₂Zr₅Ti₂O₁₆ and CaZrTi₂O₇ changed completely to CaZrO₃, Ti₂O, CaO, and ZrO₂. With more than 30 vol.% ZrO₂, no other reaction phases occurred in the Ti side after contact with the ZrO₂/CaTiO₃ composites, which is conducive for producing ceramic composites for Ti casting applications.     

Effect of SiC nanowhisker addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of regenerated cemented carbides by low-pressure sintering

The hardness and toughness of regenerated cemented carbides, in general, are contradictory. Therefore, it is critical to explore regenerated cemented carbides with both high hardness and high toughness. In this study, regenerated WC-8-wt% Co cemented carbide with SiC nanowhisker were prepared by low-pressure sintering. The influence of SiCw contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of regenerated WC-8-wt% Co cemented carbide was investigated. The results indicated that the hardness, density, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of regenerated cemented carbide first increased and then decreased with the addition of SiCw. The Vickers hardness, density, flexural strength, and fracture toughness could reach 1575 HV, 14.6 g/cm³, 2204 MPa, 16.85 MPa·m^1/2, respectively, with SiCw content 0.5 wt%, which were increased by 14.4%, 0.7%, 12.2%, and 17.3%, respectively, when compared with the regenerated cemented carbide without SiCw. The lowest friction coefficient and the best wear resistance could be also reached when 0.5-wt% SiCw was added. The fracture mechanism of the regenerated cemented carbide contained both transgranular and intergranular fracture through the microscopic observation of fracture surface via scanning electron microscope.     

Global insight into microwave stoneware firing: Macro and microstructural changes

Industrial competition and environmental concerns lead to the exploration of alternative and energy-efficient technologies for ceramic materials processing. The main objective of this work was to present microwave heating as a viable option for stoneware processing. Stoneware functional properties are presented and discussed, with emphasis on impact strength, water absorption, porosity, and color. Microstructure analyses show that microwave- and gas-fired samples have higher densifications than electrically fired samples. A relevant finding for processing conditions is that microwave firing requires temperatures approximately 100°C lower than those required by conventional firing. Microwave-fired samples’ rupture energies are approximately twice (0.57 ± 0.06 (J)) those of the reference samples (0.26 ± 0.03 (J)), and their water absorptions are approximately one-half (1.5% at 1170°C and 0.8% at 1190°C) of those of the reference samples (2.0%), whereas the water absorption of electrically fired samples at 1180°C has been estimated to be 7.5%. Color analysis also evidences a shift to lower microwave firing temperatures, what is attributed to the enhanced transformations promoted by microwave heating when comparing with the transformations promoted by conventional (gas or electric) heating.     

Processing,microstructure, and mechanical properties of hot-pressed ZrB2 ceramics with a complex Zr/Si/O-based additive

Densification behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties of zirconium diboride (ZrB₂) ceramics modified with a complex Zr/Si/O-based additive were studied. ZrB₂ ceramics with 5–20 vol.% additions of Zr/Si/O-based additive were densified to >95% relative density at temperatures as low as 1400°C by hot-pressing. Improved densification behavior of ZrB₂ was observed with increasing additive content. The most effective additive amount for densification was 20 vol.%, hot-pressed at 1400°C (∼98% relative density). Microstructural analysis revealed up to 7 vol.% of residual second phases in the final ceramics. Improved densification behavior was attributed to ductility of the silicide phase, liquid phase formation at the hot-pressing temperatures, silicon wetting of ZrB₂ particles, and reactions of surface oxides. Room temperature strength ranged from 390 to 750 MPa and elastic modulus ranged from 440 to 490 GPa. Vickers hardness ranged from 15 to 16 GPa, and indentation fracture toughness was between 4.0 and 4.3 MPa·m^1/2. The most effective additive amount was 7.5 vol.%, which resulted in high relative density after hot-pressing at 1600°C and the best combination of mechanical properties.     

DMFC阳极催化剂用GRQD-NiCo2O4复合物的制备与电催化活性分析

采用水热法制备GRQD-NiCo₂O₄复合物,利用XRD、SEM及TEM分析其微结构,并探讨其作为DMFC阳极催化剂使用时的电化学性能。微结构分析表明所得GRQD-NiCo₂O₄复合物皆为具NiCo₂O₄单一相的尖晶石结构,且GRQD质量浓度高于0.25 g/mL后表面形貌将转变GRQD与NiCo₂O₄相互结合的状态。电化学分析表明添加GRQD可有效增强NiCo₂O₄的导电性并提升其电化学稳定性,其中GRQD质量浓度为0.25 g/mL时所得样品经500次循环测试后电流密度约为77.5 A/g,与循环5次后相比其电流密度剩余量最大（约为69.7%）,该样品作为DMFC阳极催化剂使用时性价比最佳。     

Microstructure evolution of cold-sprayed coating during deposition and through post-spraying heat treatment

The microstructural features of cold-sprayed coatings were investigated using Cu, Ti and Zn feedstocks by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to reveal the microstructure evolution mechanisms in cold spray. Four typical effects including tamping, refinement, impact-induced fusion and annealing were examined on microstrueture. It is found that the microstructure of cold spray coating is remarkably influenced by spray materials. Ti coatings consist of evident porous layer and Cu coatings present a limited porous layer only near the surface. It is clear that the successive tamping effect and dynamic refinement of grains significantly influence the microstructure evolution of cold-sprayed coating. The tamping effect leads to the densification of porous coating layer gradually and the refinement effect leads to the formation of fine microstructure. It is considered that the large difference in the formation of porous layer is attributed to the dynamic impact pressure and hardenability of materials. It is also found that the impact-induced fusion during deposition of Zn coating can also modify the interfacial microstructure between particles in cold spray coating. Moreover, the nanocrystalline phase can be formed at the interfaces among particles resulting from the localized melting of the interfaces and tamping effect. Furthermore, the annealing treatment can modify the microstructure and property of a cold-sprayed coating.     

铸铁表面激光熔覆铁基自熔合金的组织与性能

在球墨铸铁基体上进行铁基自熔合金激光熔覆，通过改变扫描速度和送粉速度获得不同条件下的熔覆层，并对其进行显微组织观察与性能测试，从而得出工艺参数对熔覆层组织、性能的影响。     

Use of electron microscopy on microstructure characterization of high chromium cast irons

The physical metallurgy underlying the development of cast microstructures in abrasion resistant high chromium cast irons, and their structural modification by thermal treatments is relatively complex. Structural characterisation via electron microscopy therefore has a key role to play in furthering our understanding of the phase transformations that control the microstructures and hence the service performances of these irons as wear parts. This paper shows how both scanning and especially transmission electron microscopy can provide valuable information on the nature of eutectic and secondary carbides and on the matrix structures in these irons. Particular attention is given to current characterisation research on conventionally cast 30%Cr irons that are used for applications involving corrosive wear e.g. slurry pumps and on a semi-solid cast 27%Cr iron that has a potential for applications in industry.     

纯铝等径角挤技术（I）——显微组织演化

研究了纯铝在 3种 (A、B和C)不同等径角挤工艺中的显微组织演化。结果表明 :纯铝经过等径角挤压变形后 ,其显微组织特征与加工路线有很大的关系。提出了立方元素扭转模型 ,分析了 3种不同加工路线的剪切面和剪切方向 ,较好地解释了采用 3种不同路线挤压后材料显微组织的演化规律。在路线C(各道次挤压间试样旋转 180°)中 ,每次挤压样品总是在相同的剪切面上发生剪切 ,每相邻道次之间的剪切方向相反 ,前一次变形产生的剪切应变被随后紧接着的下一次挤压所抵消 ,这导致了多余的剪切应变 ;在路线A(各道次挤压间试样不旋转 )中 ,有两个相交成 6 0°的剪切面 ,剪切交替地在两个剪切面上进行 ;在路线B(各道次挤压间试样旋转 90°)中 ,存在 4个不同的剪切面和剪切方向 ,挤压交替地在 4个剪切面上进行 ,X ,Y和Z平面上的晶粒都发生了剪切 ,这有利于等轴晶结构的形成