The sequence of 55 kb on the left arm of yeast chromosome XVI identifies a small nuclear RNA,a new putative protein kinase and two new putative regulators

We have sequenced and analysed a 55 786 bp fragment located on the left arm of chromosome XVI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence contains 29 non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp, among which 12 genes have previously been sequenced: OYE3, REV3, SVS1, BEM4, CDC60, KIP2, PEP4, SPK1, PAL1, KES1, SNR17B and RPL37A. Three new ORFs, P2591, P2594 and P2597 are highly homologous to the human phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator PTPA, to the pleiotropic regulator PRL1 of PP1 and PP2a protein phosphatases in plants and to the protein kinase PAR-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively. Three other ORFs, P2545, P2567 and P2578 have significant homology with ORFs of unknown function located on yeast chromosomes VIII, XVI and IV respectively. The sequences in nucleotides and in amino acids have been deposited in the EMBL data library under the Accession Number X96770.     

里氏木霉RL-P37尿嘧啶营养缺陷型菌株的构建

里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei） RL-P37作为纤维素酶高产菌,被广泛地应用在工业蛋白的生产过程.从基因水平对工业菌株进行分子改造已经成为提升工业菌株生产性状的重要手段.因此,亟需构建适用于基因敲除以及外源蛋白表达的营养缺陷型菌株,特别是可用于基因无痕敲除的尿嘧啶营养缺陷型菌株.本研究以潮霉素为标记,成功构建了里氏木霉RL-P37尿嘧啶营养缺陷型菌株,并得到Southern验证.该菌株在含有1.5 mg/mL 5-氟乳清酸、2 mg/mL尿苷的MM培养基中可以正常生长,并且在不含有尿苷的MM培养基上不能生长.此外,利用粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）的pyr4基因对该突变体进行了回补.里氏木霉RL-P37尿嘧啶营养缺陷型菌株的构建为该菌纤维素酶表达和分泌的机理研究以及后续产酶性能分子改造奠定了物质基础.     

现代营销理论演绎

文章对现代营销理论中的4Ps,4Cs,4Rs的理论内涵与应用进行了阐述与分析,并对这三种理论的内在联系进行了研究与探讨,能启迪营销人员在营销的实践工作中把营销理论与实际工作有机地结合起来.     

Differential scanning calorimetric and free volume study of reactive compatibilization by EPM‐g‐MA of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/EPDM blends

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and positron annihilation lifetime measurements have been carried out to study the effect of the compatibilizer maleic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene copolymer (EPM‐g‐MA) in poly trimethylene terephthalate and ethylene propylene diene monomer (PTT/EPDM) immiscible blends. The DSC results for the blends of 50/50 and 30/70 compositions show two clear glass transition temperatures, indicating that the blends are two‐phase systems. With the addition of compatibilizer, the separation between the two glass transitions decreased, suggesting an increased interaction between the blend components with compatibilizer. At 5 wt % of compatibilizer, the separation between the T_gs reduced in both 50/50 and 30/70 blends. The positron results for the blends without compatibilizer showed an increase in relative fractional free volume, as the EPDM content in the blend is increased. This suggests the coalescence of free volume of EPDM with the free volumes of PTT due to phase separation. However, the effect of compatibilizer in the blends was clearly seen with the observed minimum in free volume parameters at 5% of the compatibilizer, further suggesting that this percent of compatibilizer seems to be the optimum value for these blends. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 740–747, 2006     

Interaction of a High‐Velocity Steel Projectile with a High‐Porous Copper–Duralumin Two‐Layer Bumper

The impact of a steel sphere 2 mm in diameter flying with a velocity of 2–7.3 km/sec on a twolayer bumper is considered. The first layer of the bumper is made of finely disperse copper powder with a density of 2.8 g/cm³, and the second layer is made of Duralumin. For identical impact velocities of 3–5 km/sec and identical thicknesses and areal densities of the bumpers, the twolayer bumper leads to better failure of the steel projectile than the Duralumin bumper. In the case of the twolayer bumper used, the maximum penetration depth of fragments into the witness plate and the number of the largest craters are smaller. The order of the bumper layers does not exert any noticeable effect on projectile failure. With the impact velocity increased to 7 km/sec, the difference in shielding properties of the bumpers almost vanishes.     

^37Ar测量系统的本底降低技术

从放射性本底来源分析了37Ar测量系统的本底组成,采用MCNP程序对改进前及拟改进的屏蔽体的屏蔽效果进行了模拟计算.考虑到本系统的使用场景,重点对屏蔽体结构进行优化设计,并完成了加工,对改进后的测量系统进行了本底测量实验.实验结果表明:改进后,测量系统的本底降低到改进前的75%,并与理论计算结果相一致,进一步提高了37Ar的探测灵敏度.     

Self-assembled rings of EuBr2 nanostructures

The EuBr₂ nanostructures self-assembled (SA) in ring form are presented in this letter. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show rings of ~ 190 to 2500 nm diameter formed on [100] surface. The sample optical response with rings displays an emission band peak (EBP) at 435 nm. The europium absorption bands reveal structural changes and shift toward infrared wavelength. The emission bandwidth of EuBr₂ nanostructures in ring form is narrower than dispersed nanostructures of similar size. To our knowledge, is the first time that there is clear evidence of the arrangement in ring form in the KBr:Eu²⁺ crystal samples.     

Selective nanoshaving of self-assembled monolayers of 2-(4-pyridylethyl)triethoxysilane

Single molecular layers of 2-(4-pyridylethyl)triethoxysilane have been deposited on native oxide surfaces of silicon, with the triethoxysilylethyl groups towards the silicon oxide interface and pyridine at the surface. It is possible to “shave” or mechanically break the molecular bonds at the alkoxy-silane (Si-C) bond using scanning atomic force microscope, leaving large swaths of surface area cut to a depth of 0.64 ± 0.06 nm, exposing the silicon of the alkoxy-silane ligand. Mechanical cleavage of the pyridine ligand alone is also possible, but more difficult to control selectively.     

Microwave dielectric behavior of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide thin films

Dielectric behavior of titania thin films, deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on to borosilicate glass substrates, in the microwave region is reported. Deposition in a 100% pure oxygen DC plasma is demonstrated. The nanocrystalline films showed a crystallite size range between 16 and 50 nm. The crystallite size decreased with increase in film thickness between 150 and 700 nm and increase in rate of deposition. Refractive index decreased with increase in percentage of oxygen in the sputter gas. The dielectric constants were measured using the extended cavity perturbation technique at 8.98, 10.01 and 10.98 GHz. The dielectric constant and loss tangent showed a very small decrease with increase in frequency but exhibited a stronger dependence on processing parameters as well as crystallite size. The dielectric constant peaked at a value of 46 (±0.1) at a frequency of 8.98 GHz with 50% O₂ in the plasma, decreasing above and below it. Similarly, it peaked at a value of 46 (±0.1) for a crystallite size of 40 nm decreasing thereafter. Interestingly, the dielectric constant also showed a maximum at a bandgap of 3.36 eV at the same value. In each case the maximum dielectric constant was accompanied by a minimum in the dielectric loss. The variation in the dielectric properties can be correlated with microstructural changes as evidenced by SEM and AFM images.     

Numerical optimal control of the wave equation: optimal boundary control of a string to rest in finite time

In many real-life applications of optimal control problems with constraints in form of partial differential equations (PDEs), hyperbolic equations are involved which typically describe transport processes. Since hyperbolic equations usually propagate discontinuities of initial or boundary conditions into the domain on which the solution lives or can develop discontinuities even in the presence of smooth data, problems of this type constitute a severe challenge for both theory and numerics of PDE constrained optimization.