Finite element analysis of tailored sheet forming processes considering laser welding zone

The finite element formulation for predicting strain distributions and weld line movements in the forming processes of tailored sheet metals is developed. The material properties of the welding zone such as strength coefficient, work-hardening exponent, and plastic anisotropic parameter are analytically obtained from those of base metals based on the tensile tests. The welding zone is modelled with the several, narrow finite elements called by weld elements. To verify the finite element formulation for tailored blanks, the forming processes of autobody door inner panel section and hemispherical dome are simulated. FEM predictions are compared and showed good agreements with experimental measurements.     

A study of tailored blank welding between mild steel sheet and zn-coated steel sheet by CO2 laser beam

Research was conducted on tailored blank welding between mild steel sheet and Zn-coated steel sheet using CO₂ laser beam. The materials used in this study were low carbon steel sheets with a thickness of 1.2 mm and Zn-coated steel sheet with the same thickness and 6.3 μm Zn coating. Experiments were conducted by applying the Taguchi method to obtain optimum conditions for the application of this tailored blank laser welding method in practical manufacturing processes. Optical microscopy, XRD, SEM and TEM analysis were performed to observe the microstructures and to determine the structures of welded zone. In addition, mechanical properties were measured by the microhardness test, tensile test and Erichsen test to evaluate the formability of the welded specimen. There was no trapped Zn in the fusion zone, and the phases of this region consisted of polygonal ferrite, quasi-polygonal ferrite, banitic ferrite and martensite. The elongation value of welded specimen was more than 80% of the value in substrate metal, and the LDH value was more than 90% of the value in substrate metal.     

Banding formation and eutectic lamellar growth in directional solidified Ni50Al20Fe30 alloy

Banding formation and eutectic lamellar growth in a directionally solidified Ni₅₀Al₂₀Fe₃₀ alloy were investigated. It was found that the banding area consists of two layers. The first layer is a γ layer, while the subsequent one is a γ layer. The composition of various phases around the banding area changes with the solidification process. The banding is formed by two steps process and caused by factors such as the fractions during the sample growth process. It was found that the band was found at relatively low growth rate. Therefore. this study indicates that increasing the growth rate is an effective method to eliminate the band formation. Eutectic lamellae nucleate and grow again after the banding formation. During the initial transition lamellar growth, the relationship between the square lamellar spacing, γ₂, and the distance from, the banding, d, can be described by the following equation: γ₂ = K [1-exp(A.d)] where K and A are constant.     

HSn70-1B铜管在碱性NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

利用表面分析技术和电化学方法研究了HSn70- 1B 铜管在碱性NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.在自腐蚀状态下，HSn70-1B铜管表面生成以Cu2 O为主的表面膜；在阳极极化电位下表面CuCl的生成反应为一级反应，电极表面形成CuCl膜 后，存在极限电流密度；电化学阻抗频谱(EIS)有2个容抗弧，随Cl-含量的增加，容抗弧 逐渐收缩，弥散性增大.     

基于粗糙集的软件项目风险管理研究

软件项目的复杂性导致软件风险涉及的数据具有很大的不确定性和模糊性。由此基于粗糙集理论,分析了软件项目风险管理的历史数据:利用等价类和分辨矩阵等概念提出软件项目风险分析系统,在此基础上给出了两个风险因子的相关性系数以及不可分辨矩阵的计算方法。此项工作能为风险控制提供策略,有助于发现风险管理活动中的薄弱环节,达到改进过程的目的。     

稀有类分类算法的研究

稀有类的分类问题在商业、金融、电信、科学研究等诸多的领域都有着广泛的应用,但是由于其难区分性、多态性、稀有性等主要的特征,使其传统的分类方法对于稀有类的分类来说,并没有良好的效果。因此对于稀有类分类问题的研究是具有理论及其实践意义的。将稀有类的现有分类算法分别进行了阐述,而且引入了专用于稀有类分类算法的评估标准。     

通用自定义分页的实现

Web系统在应用过程中经常会遇到大量数据的查询,设计时如何在数据服务控件中进行分页显示,这是常碰到的问题,介绍通用自定义分页的设计思路,并对代码的设计进行了详细的分析。     

浅谈高职计算机专业的创新教育

如何在计算机教育中培育具有创新能力和创新意识的新型人才是高职计算机专业亟待解决的问题,只传授知识、技能的传统的教学方法已不能满足培养创新型人才的需求。从计算机教学中存在的问题出发,提出支撑创新型人才培养的相关改革措施。     

基于图灵模型的P=？ NP问题分析

P=？NP问题是计算复杂性中的核心问题。2000年,美国克雷实验室将其收录为“千禧年大奖”七个问题之首。本文基于图灵模型,对P=？NP问题的研究现状、P=NP／P≠NP 证明方法、NPC问题求解方法及研究进展进行阐述。     

Quantifying requirements volatility effects

In an organization operating in the bancassurance sector we identified a low-risk IT subportfolio of 84 IT projects comprising together 16,500 function points, each project varying in size and duration, for which we were able to quantify its requirements volatility. This representative portfolio stems from a much larger portfolio of IT projects. We calculated the volatility from the function point countings that were available to us. These figures were aggregated into a requirements volatility benchmark. We found that maximum requirements volatility rates depend on size and duration, which refutes currently known industrial averages. For instance, a monthly growth rate of 5% is considered a critical failure factor, but in our low-risk portfolio we found more than 21% of successful projects with a volatility larger than 5%. We proposed a mathematical model taking size and duration into account that provides a maximum healthy volatility rate that is more in line with the reality of low-risk IT portfolios. Based on the model, we proposed a tolerance factor expressing the maximal volatility tolerance for a project or portfolio. For a low-risk portfolio its empirically found tolerance is apparently acceptable, and values exceeding this tolerance are used to trigger IT decision makers. We derived two volatility ratios from this model, the π-ratio and the ρ-ratio. These ratios express how close the volatility of a project has approached the danger zone when requirements volatility reaches a critical failure rate. The volatility data of a governmental IT portfolio were juxtaposed to our bancassurance benchmark, immediately exposing a problematic project, which was corroborated by its actual failure. When function points are less common, e.g. in the embedded industry, we used daily source code size measures and illustrated how to govern the volatility of a software product line of a hardware manufacturer. With the three real-world portfolios we illustrated that our results serve the purpose of an early warning system for projects that are bound to fail due to excessive volatility. Moreover, we developed essential requirements volatility metrics that belong on an IT governance dashboard and presented such a volatility dashboard.