The thermodynamic performance of a new solution cycle in double absorption heat transformer using water/lithium bromide as the working fluids

In this paper, a new solution cycle in the double absorption heat transformer is presented and the thermodynamic performance of this new cycle is simulated based on the thermodynamic properties of aqueous solution of lithium bromide. The results show that this new cycle is superior to the cycle being studied by some researchers. This new solution cycle has a wider range of operation in which the system maintains the high value of COP and has larger temperature lifts and operation stability. The relationship between the absorber and the absorbing evaporator is more independent and this makes the operation and control of the system more easier.     

固体超强酸S_2O_8~(2-)/SnO_2-SiO_2催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

采用沉淀-浸渍法制备了固体超强酸S2O28-/SnO2-SiO2,以它为催化剂催化环己酮和1,2-丙二醇合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮;考察了带水剂种类及用量、酮醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对产品收率的影响,并用正交实验对反应条件进行了优化。实验结果表明,适宜的反应条件为:n(环己酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.6、催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2.0%、带水剂环己烷用量5.0mL、反应时间50min。在此条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮收率达到91.47%;催化剂的稳定性良好,在重复使用5次后环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮收率为82.20%,活性下降的主要原因为催化剂表面积碳和吸附了有机物;经傅里叶变换红外光谱和气相色谱质谱分析表明,产物为环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,纯度为100%。     

An integrated biodesulfurization process,including inoculum preparation,desulfurization and sulfate removal in a single step,for removing sulfur from oils

BACKGROUND: A single‐stage reactor, in which the growth of bacterial culture, induction of desulfurizing enzymes, and desulfurization reaction are carried out in a single step, was adopted to investigate desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) at high cell densities. Rhodococcus erythropolis, IGTS8 was used as the biocatalyst. Optimal conditions for bacterial growth and DBT desulfurization were investigated. RESULTS: Optimization of fermentation conditions was necessary to obtain high cell densities including controlling accumulation of acetate. Under optimal operating conditions, the maximum optical density at 600 nm (OD₆₀₀) was measured to be 26.6 at 118 h of cultivation. When biodesulfurization of DBT in model oil with a high cell density culture of IGTS8 was investigated, accumulation of sulfate was found to limit the extent of desulfurization. A sulfate removal step was added to obtain a single‐stage integrated biodesulfurization process. Sulfate removal was achieved via an aqueous bleed stream and use of a separation unit to recycle the organic phase. CONCLUSION: A proof of principle of a complete system capable of biocatalyst growth, induction, desulfurization and by‐product separation was demonstrated. This system enables simplification of the biodesulfurization process and has potential to lower the operating cost of the bioprocess. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Calculation methods for comparing the performance of pure and mixed working fluids in heat pump applications

Three methods for comparing cycle performance of working fluids, pure as well as non-azeotropic mixtures, are investigated for two applications and for two mixture pairs, HCFC22-CFC114 and HCFC22-HCFC142b, and their pure components. The methods differ in the way of calculating the heat exchange processes. They assume, respectively, equal minimum approach temperatures, equal mean temperature differences and equal heat transfer areas. Changes of coefficient of performance (COP) with composition are explained for all methods. It is shown that transport properties must be taken into account when making rigorous comparisons between working fluids. To predict the relations between fluids with high accuracy, one must use the method with equal heat transfer areas. By the method with equal mean temperature differences, the COP can be estimated with the same accuracy for mixtures as for pure fluids, and can be used for rough estimations of the COP level with different fluids. The method of equal minimum approach temperatures should be avoided for non-azeotropic mixtures.     

Service life planning and performance requirements

Service life planning comprises a model for the determination of a reasonable expected service life for buildings and components, and it establishes a routine for the assessment of design alternatives. A design option is considered reasonable when it meets or exceeds performance requirements over time that have been drawn up specifically for the specific project. Due to this assessment reference, there is a very evident link to the concept of performance-based building. Any stakeholder involved in the value chain or in the design process of the building, as well as regulators and building users, can express performance requirements. Identified requirements, both in relevance and in quality, will vary with the stakeholder and his/her perspective of interest. As building sector manufacturers develop most products with reference to standards rather than with reference to specific requirements, there is no direct link from user requirements to the product design. Instead, the building designer has the responsibility to ensure performance requirements are met by the performance of products integrated into the design. As these design decisions also have to be made at the material and component level, a performance-based building would benefit from an established rationale that enables the communication of performance requirements across the relevant system levels in the relevant design processes. A path for the connection of the established concepts of service life planning and performance-based building is presented. The aim is to identify key elements that need to be developed for the successful linkage of performance-based building with service life planning.     

Windows 8回收站取证分析

在计算机取证过程中,对于删除文件的分析常常提供有价值的信息。知道在哪里找到被删除文件并且能够理解文件被删除过程中产生的元数据,这是一个合格的计算机取证人员必备的素质。本文对Window 8系统的回收站与传统的Windows XP系统的回收站的相似点和不同点进行了对比分析,并详细说明了Windows 8系统回收站的工作细节,以期为计算机取证人员提供帮助。     

基于单片机的多功能充电器的设计与实现

本课题主要研究基于单片机的多功能充电器,解决对不同电池的快速充电。通过对ATmega8的深入研究,利用它的高性能,设计完全实现了电池充电器设计的功能。本设计可以通过按键切换,对的密封铅酸电池(SLA)和镍镉电池(NiCd)进行充电,并通过LCD清楚地看到其充电状态。同时利用放大电路和Atmega8本身的AD转换器显示对电池电压和电流的实时测量,以较好的控制充电过程,保护电池。     

Intraspecific variation and interspecific differences in sex pheromones of sibling species inCtenopseustis obliquana complex

The specific status ofCtenopseustis obliquana pheromone-types I, II, and III has been more fully examined. Females of types I and III produce a mixture of (Z)-8- and (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetates (Z8-14:Ac, Z5-14: Ac). The previously reported different ratios of these two components in females of the two types (type I=80803w587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">20, III=90803w587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">10) have been reinvestigated. The median ratios of each type differed significantly, although there was some overlap in the ranges of these ratios. A field cage trial showed that males of type III are attracted to females of type I, so the observed differences may be ascribed to intraspecific variation. In contrast to females of types I or III, females of type II produce Z5-14803w587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac but no Z8-14803w587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac. The electroantennogram (EAG) profile of antennae of type II males shows a maximum response to Z5-14803w587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac, while the EAG profiles of types I and III show a strong response to Z8-14803w587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac. In wind tunnel tests using mixtures of these two compounds, type II males prefer blends consisting of all or mostly Z5-14: Ac, while type I males showed a preference to a mix of 70% Z8-14803w587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac plus 30% Z5-14803w587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac. We found that type I males are attracted to type I females when offered a choice between type I and type II females in a field cage test and that type II males similarly prefer type II females. Males of types I and II have specialist cells for Z8-14803w587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac and Z5-14803w587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac but differ with respect to relative densities of these cells and to further cell types responsive to other alkenyl acetates. Type IIC. obliquana is considered therefore a sibling species of types I and III. In addition, the amount of Z5-14803w587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac produced by type II females varied geographically. Females from the North Island produced significantly less (median=1.2 ng) Z5-14803w587080mr/xxlarge8758.gif" alt="ratio" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Ac than females from the South Island (median=2.2 ng). Type II populations in the North Island morphologically resembled sympatric type I, rather than type II from the South Island and are designated as type II (North Island). Type II (North Island) populations have so far been found only at Rukuhia (near Hamilton) and from Kerikeri. In contrast, type II populations are sympatric with type III populations over much of the South Island. In a field cage trial, males of types II and II (North Island) were attracted to females of both II and II (North Island). We tentatively ascribe the differences between type II and type II (North Island) to intraspecific variation.     

关于软件对字符编码方式误判的研究

针对目前字符编码方式众多的现状,应用软件如何更好的判断文件编码属于何种字符集,并将其正确的解码成为不容忽视的问题。针对Windows记事本不能正常显示"联通"二字的Bug进行分析,利用Winhex软件解析文件获得16进制编码,根据得到的编码分析误判原因,通过注释记事本IsTextUTF8函数对分析得到的误判原因进行证实,进一步找到了更多Windows记事本无法正常显示的汉字。     

N—氯代丁二酰亚胺8—羟基喹哪啶分光光度法测定水中苯胺类化合物的方法研究

本文提出一种能够方便、快速、灵敏地检测水质中苯胺在化合物的新方法。这种方法是先用 N-氯代丁二酰亚胺氧化苯胺 ,再用 8-羟基喹哪啶作为偶联显色剂 ,在 p H9- 1 1的碱性介质中 1进行显色。显色反应所得蓝色化合物的最大吸收波长为 62 0 nm,摩尔吸光系数为 1 .1× 1 0 4 L· mol- 1· cm- 1,在苯胺为 0 .2～ 1 0 mg/l的浓度范围内符和比尔定律 ,最低检出限为 0 .0 3mg/l,测定的重现性在± 5 %以内。该方法成功地用于环境水样的分析 ,并获得满意的分析结果