The Jersey Years; Photographer in the Circle of Victor Hugo

Abstract

An interesting and little-discussed body of photographic work is connected with the circle of Victor Hugo during the years of his exile on the island of Jersey in the English Channel, from 1852 to 1855. These works are now dispersed; a n~umber of them are in Paris, in the Museé de la Maison de Victor Hugo and in the Bibliothèque Nationale, another survives in the archivcs of the International Museum of Photography at the George Eastman House, Rochester, New York; and various other examples exist in private collections. The Jersey photographs are the result of a joint effort by Charles Hugo, the poet's son, and his friend, Auguste Vacquerie.     

基于Norton-Bailey模型的P92钢初期蠕变过程分析

以Norton-Bailey时间硬化模型和Kachanov损伤模型为基础,提出一种能够全面描述蠕变全寿命期蠕变变形发展的本构模型。与Norton-Bailey模型相比,该模型可以更准确地反映蠕变第一阶段的变形累积,以Kachanov损伤演化方程描述蠕变第三阶段的变化;推导模型第一阶段和第三阶段的参数确定方法;根据实验数据,确定P92钢的模型参数。将该模型嵌入到在ANSYS接口程序中,并用于高温合金钢P92的蠕变寿命计算,结果表明模型与实验数据基本吻合。     

Hot Deformation Behavior of P92 Steel Used for Ultra-Super-Critical Power Plants

 Hot compression tests of P92 steel at temperatures in the range of 1173 to 1523 K and at strain rates in the range of 0.1 to 10 s-1 were carried out on a Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator, and the corresponding flow curves were measured. The results showed that the flow stress and the peak strain increase with decreasing deformation temperature and increasing strain rate. The critical Z value, below which the complete dynamic recrystallization may occur, was determined to have 4.61×1018. The hot deformation activation energy of the steel was about 437 kJ/mol. The hot deformation equation and the microstructure diagram of P92 steel were obtained. For the convenience of the practical application, the empirical equation for the peak stress can be described as σP=17.17ln+902499T-524.1.     

P92钢焊接接头持久强度及微观组织分析

通过对SA335P92钢焊接接头进行600℃×104h高温持久性能试验,外推焊接接头600℃下105h的持久强度值为116 MPa.借助金相分析仪、透射电镜和能谱仪分析了P92钢焊接接头高温持久试验前后的组织结构.结果表明,原始P92钢焊接接头的金相组织为回火马氏体,主要的沉淀相有M23C6碳化物,晶内存在高密度的位错...     

磁粉检测技术在SA335P92钢焊缝检测中的应用

临界锅炉主蒸汽、热段等管件主要部件选用SA335P92材料。SA335P92为马氏体钢,在焊接过程中既有冷裂倾向,又有热裂倾向。特别是在焊接接头的收弧部位,弧坑裂纹等危险性缺陷极易产生。就SA335P92钢焊缝表面和近表面收弧部位的磁粉探伤技术应用情况进行了探讨,提出了避免收弧部位产生裂纹的控制措施。     

Evaluating the economic cost of natural gas strategic storage restrictions

The European Commission wants to implement a single market for gas. One of the components of this market is a regulated provision for “security of supply” which consists of rules for the implementation and use of a given reserve stock of gas. We investigate the impact of this policy on the profitability of a storage operator, using data from Denmark and Italy. Keeping storage capacity constant, the costs of the strategic stock are around 20% of the value of the storage market for Denmark, and 16% for Italy. This cost is due to the inability to extract arbitrage profits from the captive stock. Furthermore, the strategic storage restriction induces behavior that would virtually never be replicated by a private storage operator in an unconstrained market, in particular in the first 6 months of the year when unconstrained firms empty their reservoirs much faster, suggesting the strategic restriction is unnecessarily distorting the market.     

T92 钢在高温水蒸气中的氧化行为

目的研究T92钢在90%Ar+10%H2O(均为体积分数)气氛中750℃条件下的氧化行为。方法在管式炉中进行高温氧化实验,利用SEM/EDS和XRD分析氧化膜的形貌、结构和成分。结果 T92钢在高温水蒸气环境中,氧化初始阶段的氧化产物为Fe2O3和FeCr2O4。随后的氧化过程中,Fe快速向外扩散,氧化加速。最终的氧化膜呈双层结构,内层为Fe2O3和FeCr2O4,外层为Fe2O3,氧化层内存在孔洞,且有裂纹。结论 T92钢在氧化初期不生成保护性富Cr氧化膜,在高温水蒸气环境中的氧化严重。     

Effect of samarium on microstructure and corrosion resistance of aged as-cast AZ92 magnesium alloy

The effects of samarium（Sm） on microstructure and corrosion resistance of AZ92 magnesium alloy were characterized and analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, mass loss test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and potentio-dynamic polarization test. The results showed that the added Sm could promote continuous precipitation of β-Mg17Al12 phase in grains, and meanwhile restrain discontinuous precipitation of the same phase along the grain boundaries. Thus, the precipitations distributed more uniformly in the aged AZ92 magnesium alloys. When the content of Sm was 0.5 wt.%, the corrosion resistance of aged AZ92 alloy tended to be the best, which was due to the β-phase distributes more homogeneous reducing the galvanic corrosion. The corrosion product film had more integrality and compactness than AZ92 alloys without Sm. However, it resulted in worse corrosion resistance of AZ92 alloy because of the formation of mass cathodic Al2 Sm phase coming from excess Sm in AZ92 alloy.     

国家纺织行业抗菌标准FZ/T 01021-92测试方法中的注意点

简要介绍了织物进行抗菌整理的意义和测定抑菌率的方法，重点介绍了用国家纺织行业抗菌标准FZ／T01021—92测定织物抑菌率时应注意的问题，并列举了应用实例．     

OSCAR中嵌入式SQL的设计与实现

实现了一个嵌入式SQL 系统, 支持在C 语言中嵌入SQL 语句。该系统是对象关系型数据库管理系统OSCAR 客户端的重要组成部分, 分为两部分实现: 预处理模块和ESQL 运行库。预处理模块根据ESQL 语言的语法规则分析和识别ESQL 语句, 并且转换为实现相同功能的C 语言函数调用; ESQL 运行库实现这些C 函数, 通过网络通信库与服务器端通信, 并执行SQL 语句, 返回结果值。