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41.
《Ceramics International》2016,42(10):11757-11765
The effects of NiO powder morphology and sintering temperature on the microstructure and the electrochemical performance of Nickel-scandia-stabilized zirconia (Ni-ScSZ) cermet anodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) were investigated. The particle size and agglomeration of the starting powders were found to affect both the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the Ni-ScSZ cermet anodes. The lowest polarization resistance, 0.690 Ω cm2 at 700 °C, was measured for the Ni-ScSZ anode prepared with fine NiO powder (~0.5 µm grain size). This was attributed to the increase in the number of reaction sites afforded by the small grains and well-dispersed Ni and ScSZ phases. The effect of the anode sintering temperature was also found to affect the anode microstructure, adhesion with the electrolyte, and consequently anode polarization resistance. The lowest polarization resistance was observed for the anode sintered at 1400 °C and this was 3–5 times lower than the corresponding values for anodes sintered at lower temperatures. 相似文献
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He Yang Thomas H. Fletcher Yang Li Lijun Jin Sufen Li Yan Shang Haoquan Hu 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2020,66(2):e16834
The influence of changes in aliphatic structure on char surface area during coal pyrolysis was modeled, and the effect was introduced to a previous char surface area model for lignite pyrolysis established based on the chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model. The modified model can predict not only the N2 and CO2 char surface area during rapid pyrolysis of three lignites but also the CO2 char surface area of two high-volatile bituminous coals; the agreement of the modified model with experiments is improved at high temperatures. The decrease in aliphatic chain length can reduce adsorption positions around aromatic core, and decrease char surface area. When mass release is more than 55% at about 1,100 K, the predicted N2 char surface area starts to decrease with further generation of volatiles, and the increase of predicted CO2 char surface area with increasing generation of volatiles also become slow at the end of mass release. 相似文献
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提出了利用转炉烟气中金属氧化物催化煤焦 CO2气化反应的新方法来提高CO2转化效率。利用热重分析对金属氧化物催化煤焦 CO2气化进行理论研究,并通过滴管炉研究了不同温度下金属氧化物对煤粉 CO2气化反应的影响。计算不同条件下的α、β、LHV值,对催化效率进行评估。结果表明,金属氧化物对煤焦 CO2气化具有显著的催化作用,并表现出不同的特征温度。添加催化剂后,可燃性气体含量增加,CO2含量降低。根据α、β、LHV值的计算,复合催化剂催化效率最佳,而且催化效率随温度升高而增加。对于单一催化剂,在1 000~1 200 ℃温度范围内,CaO的催化效率优于FeO,FeO稍优于Fe2O3。滴管炉试验结果初步验证了利用转炉烟气中金属氧化物提高CO2的转化效率以及转炉煤气热值的可行性。 相似文献
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通过浮选实验先将典型烟煤分成高、中、低3个密度段,然后对3种不同密度原煤在沉降炉内进行热解和燃烧实验,研究原煤密度对颗粒物形成机理和特性的影响。实验采用低压撞击器(LPI)把颗粒物按不同粒径大小从0.03~10.0 μm共分13级,分别采集燃烧后的可吸入颗粒物。实验结果显示:低密度原煤对颗粒物形成的贡献最大,中密度次之,高密度最小,低密度原煤所含矿物质粒度最小,形成的焦的膨胀率、总孔体积和BET表面积最大,高密度原煤所含矿物质粒度最大,形成的焦的膨胀率、总孔体积和BET表面积最小,中密度原煤介于两者之间,3种密度原煤燃烧后形成的PM10颗粒物元素构成的相同点是:对于亚微米颗粒物,元素S+碱金属元素+其他元素>难熔元素,对于超微米颗粒物,难熔元素占80%以上,远远大于其他三类元素。 相似文献
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煤中难燃组分的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简要回顾了煤中难燃组分的研究现状及其最新进展,着重讨论了各种煤岩组分在热解过程中的不同表现,及其造成的煤焦形态差异和由此经起的不同型态煤焦的燃烧特性差别,进而主意述了煤中难燃组分的研究方法及其优缺点。 相似文献
49.
Yoshinori Itaya Nobusuke Kobayashi Lianlin Li Akira Suami Masakazu Sawai Hisashi Hamabe 《Drying Technology》2015,33(9):1029-1038
An innovative technology for sewage treatment systems is proposed. A mixture of sewage sludge and char particle is subjected to drying in the progress of composting in an updraft column. Exothermic heat generated during composting is utilized for energy of sludge drying. The char particle in the mixture contributes to enhancement of composting and drying rate. This study presents drying and composting behaviors of sludge to examine the effect of char addition. A fundamental drying experiment was carried out by hot-air heating of the sample in a small vessel. The drying characteristic curve for a mixture of sludge and char was greater than the sample of only sludge over a whole period if the drying rates were compared with the same moisture content. The drying behavior could be analyzed with a reasonable agreement by the water front receding model. The enhancement effect of drying and composting of sludge by char addition was confirmed by examination using a pilot scale of the updraft column whose volume was 50 m3. Sludge with 400% dry base (80% wet base) in moisture content could be dried successfully to lower moisture content than 67% dry base (40% wet base) only by exothermic heat during composting without supplying any auxiliary energy from the outside, and the treatment time was reduced by mixing char in sludge. The behavior was analyzed with a satisfactory agreement by a theoretical model employing moisture diffusion parameters determined from the drying characteristic curve. 相似文献
50.
Three‐dimensional modeling of porosity development during the gasification of a char particle
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Kay Wittig Petr A. Nikrityuk Sebastian Schulze Andreas Richter 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2017,63(5):1638-1647
This work is devoted to the three‐dimensional, direct modeling of porosity and specific surface development during the gasification of a char particle. The model was developed for heterogeneous reactions occurring inside a char particle in a kinetically controlled regime. The main goal of this work is to analyze the impact of different pore size distributions on the particle carbon conversion rate. In particular, it is shown that under certain conditions the outer particle surface can influence the specific surface area. In this context the possible adaptation of the parameter ψ from the random pore model (RPM) developed by Bhatia and Perlmutter is explained. The results of simulations are compared against the RPM and discussed. Additionally, based on the results of simulations, the physics behind several input parameters used by the RPM are explored. Finally, the possible fragmentation of a chemically reacting char particle during its gasification in dependence of instantaneous porosity was investigated numerically. It was shown that the earliest fragmentation occurs at a carbon conversion of about 0.5–0.6 due to the disaggregation of the pore walls. The results are discussed and compared implicitly with data published in the literature. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1638–1647, 2017 相似文献