紫草在柞丝绸织物染色中的应用

对紫草用于柞蚕丝织物的染色性能进行了探讨。用乙醇提取紫草色素,选取染液体积分数、pH值、温度和时间4个因素,通过正交试验及单因素分析试验,优化出紫草上染柞蚕丝织物的最佳工艺条件为:浴比1∶40,染液体积分数8%,pH 6,温度80℃,时间60 min。通过不同媒染剂(Al3+、Fe2+、Cu2+)媒染处理,得到不同颜色的织物。通过对染色织物耐水洗及耐摩擦色牢度的检测得出,紫草上染柞蚕丝织物色牢度优良,直接染色和媒染均达到3级以上。     

非均相催化湿式氧化活性红2BF的研究

以Fe/AC为催化剂、O2为氧化剂的非均相催化氧化体系处理偶氮染料活性红2BF,考察了反应温度、氧分压、废水pH、催化剂投加量等因素对降解效果的影响。结果表明,染料初始质量浓度为400 mg/L时,在温度150℃、氧分压0.5 MPa、pH=3、反应时间60 min、催化剂投加量为4 g/L的最佳条件下,活性红2BF色度几乎完全去除,TOC去除率达94.21%。     

Novel fluorescence sensor based on covalent immobilization of 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole via electrostatically assembled gold nanoparticle layer

A novel technique of immobilizing indicator dyes by electrostatic adsorption and covalent bonding to fabricate optical sensors was developed. 3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC) was attached to the outmost surface of quartz glass slide via aminosilanizing the slide, crosslinking chitosan, adsorbing Au nanoparticle, self-assembling HS(CH₂)₁₁OH, and coupling AEC. Thus, an AEC-immobilized optical sensor was obtained. The sensor exhibits a wide linear response range from 7.0×10⁻⁷ to 1.0×10⁻⁴ mol/L and a correlation coefficient of 0.995 9 for the detection of 2-nitrophenol. The detection limit and response time of the sensor are 1.0×10⁻⁷ mol/L and less than 10 s, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of the used sensor can be restored to the blank value by simply rinsing with blank buffer. A very effective matrix for immobilizing indicator dye is provided by the proposed technique, which is adaptable to other indicator dyes with amino groups besides AEC. Foundation item: Project(20775010) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(208095) supported by the Key Project of Ministry of Education, China; Project(07A006) supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department, China; Project(07JJ3020) supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China     

TiO2／海泡石光催化剂的制备及其对染料废水脱色效果的研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,海泡石为载体,采用溶胶一凝胶法合成TiO2／海泡石光催化剂,经xRD分析表明,TiO2以锐钛矿型结构分布在海泡石表面．通过亚甲基蓝溶液降解脱色实验,检验了试样的光催化性．实验表明,200mL的浓度不大于20mg／L的亚甲基蓝溶液中,光催化剂投加量为2g时,光催化效果最好．催化反应在很短的时间内即能达到较高的脱色率,150min后的脱色率可达到96％以上．     

A new type counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

A new type counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) was proposed which consists of substrate, aluminum film and platinum film. The new type counter electrode can obviously improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSCs from 3.46% to 7.07% under the standard AM1.5 irradiation condition. Advantages and shortcomings of this new type counter electrode in terms of electrical properties, optical properties and anti-corrosive properties were analyzed. As a result, some improvements were proposed. Supported by the Key Foundation for Fundamental Research of Tianjin Municipal Science & Technology Commission in China ( Grant No. 06YFJZJC01700) and the National Basic Research Program of China (“973“ Project) (Grant Nos. 2006CB20260, 2006CB202603)     

Physical properties of electron beam irradiated poly(vinyl butyral) composites with carbamate,imidazole, and tetrazolium dye

Films of poly(vinyl butyral) composites with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride dye (TTC) and the antioxidant nickel dibutyl dithiocarbamate (NBC) or 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) were prepared by the solution casting method using butyl alcohol as a solvent. The effect of various doses of electron beam irradiation (50–200 kGy) on color response, thermal, and mechanical properties were investigated. The color measurements showed that the films of the different composites possessed a high sensitivity to electron beam irradiation, in which the nearly colorless films were changed to deep red color, which can be easily detected by visual observations. In addition, the change in color depends on irradiation dose and the contents of the TTC dye. Moreover, the presence of the antioxidants NBC or MBI has no effect on the development of color. However, PVB/TTC and PVB/TTC/MBI composites showed high regular change in color as a function of irradiation dose. The thermogravimetric analysis used to study the thermal stability indicated that PVB/TTC composites either before or after electron beam irradiation are thermally more stable than neat PVB polymer. The presence of the antioxidants NBC or MBI offered protection to PVB/TTC composites against decomposition or oxidative degradation resulted from irradiation. Blending unirradiated PVB with TTC dye, mixture of TTC and NBC, and mixture of TTC and MBI reduced the tensile strength by 4, 20, and 17% upon blending, respectively. However, the reduction in tensile strength of the entire composite films (～7% based on the initial value) upon exposure to a dose of 50 kGy is acceptable for practical applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 4358–4365, 2006     

Manipulation of gasification coal feed in order to increase the ash fusion temperature of the coal enabling the gasifiers to operate at higher temperatures

Coal is a crucial feedstock for South Africa’s unique synfuels and petrochemicals industry and used by Sasol as a feedstock to produce synthesis gas via the Sasol-Lurgi Fixed Bed Dry Bottom (FBDB) gasification process. The ash fusion temperature (AFT) gives detail information on the suitability of a coal source for gasification purposes, and specifically to which extent ash agglomeration or clinkering is likely to occur within the gasifier. Ash clinkering inside the gasifier can cause channel burning and unstable operation.Sasol-Lurgi FBDB gasifiers are currently operated with the philosophy of adding an excess of steam to the process to control the H₂/CO ratio of the syngas produced, but indirectly also to control the maximum gasifier temperature below the AFT of the coal. An opportunity exists to increase the AFT of the coal fed to the gasifiers by adding AFT increasing minerals to the coal blend before it is fed into the gasification process. For the aim of this study a South African coal source was investigated, as being used by the gasification operations in Secunda.With the specific aim of this study, to increase the AFT, the determination of the AFT of the coal blends where acidic components such as silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃) and titania (TiO₂) were added was conducted. The Al₂O₃ had the biggest and most significant effect on the AFT with the least addition to the coal blend. The effect of SiO₂ and TiO₂ were very similar, but the effect was much smaller and further Al₂O₃ was needed to increase the AFT to a similar AFT level in comparison to the SiO₂ used. Kaolinite, roof and floor components (containing mainly Al₂O₃ and SiO₂) were also added, also showing an increase in the AFT with up to 4 mass% addition. Another observation was that the AFT was non-additive (not a linear weighted calculated average) and not the weighted average AFT as was expected for the other coal properties such as the ash content, for example. The ash slagging characteristics is a non-additive property of individual coal sources in the blend and therefore difficult to predict.In general it can be concluded that the unique opportunity exists to increase the AFT, was tested, proven and mechanistically outlined in this study on the coal source fed to the Sasol-Lurgi FBDB gasifiers. The AFT can be increased to >1350 °C by adding AFT increasing minerals or species to the coal blend before it is fed into the gasification process. By increasing the AFT, the direct effect will be that steam consumption can be decreased, which in turn will improve carbon utilization.     

基于吲哚类半花菁染料的钯比率荧光探针

利用6-羟基萘-2-醛和碘化N-乙基-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉季铵盐的缩合反应生成的羟基半花菁染料2与氯甲酸烯丙酯的反应合成了荧光比率型钯探针1.研究表明:在含水介质中,探针1对钯(Pd0和Pd2+)显示出很高的敏感性、选择性和抗干扰性,其荧光比率增强大约72倍,对Pd2+的最低检测极限为0.23μmol/L.探针1对钯的作用机理是钯催化碳酸烯丙酯断裂导致比率荧光变化.     

功能化磁性微球对溶剂绿7的吸附性能研究

为了有效地去除工业染料废水中的有机染料,本文以水热合成法制备出Fe3O4纳米微球,并将其表面包覆功能化外壳,得到新型的磁性吸附剂.并详细讨论了温度、浓度、pH等因素对染料吸附效果的影响.实验结果表明,吸附剂对溶剂绿7具有较好的吸附能力,随着染料浓度的增大,吸附量显著增大,溶液的温度升高,吸附量降低;较低的pH有助于吸附作用的发生,当pH=2时,脱色率达到95%.鉴于此新型磁性吸附剂良好的吸附性能及低廉的制备成本,很有潜力应用于工业印染废水的脱色处理中.     

DD3单晶高温合金的热腐蚀行为

用涂９０Ｎａ２ＳＯ４（ｗｔ％）和１０ＮａＣｌ（ｗｔ％）的混合盐膜法研究了单晶高温合金ＤＤ３在９００℃空气中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明，ＤＤ３单晶合金的高温热腐蚀是灾难性的；其动力学曲线无明显孕育期，但有明显的阶段性。文中对各阶段的腐蚀机理进行了简要的讨论。