炸药件加成型硅橡胶包覆技术研究

针对加成型硅橡胶包覆炸药件催化剂中毒以及脱粘问题,对影响加成型硅橡胶硫化过程的因素及其粘接性开展研究。结果表明：防中毒剂异丙醇铝可较好解决炸药加成型硅橡胶包覆催化剂中毒的问题;催化剂种类及加料顺序对硫化速度有一定影响;适当的硅烷偶联剂以及适宜的表面处理方法可有效改善加成型硅橡胶对炸药的粘接性能。     

1,4,6,9-四硝基-1,4,6,9-四氮杂双环[4.4.0]癸烷的合成新方法

以乙撑二硝胺为原料,经加成、酯化、缩合反应制得１,４,６,９－四硝基－１,４,６,９－四氮杂双环［４．４．０］癸烷,产物收率可达７６％。     

Methane steam reforming for synthetic diesel fuel production from steam-hydrogasifier product gases

Steam-methane reforming (SMR) reaction was studied using a tubular reactor packed with NiO/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst to obtain synthesis gases with H₂/CO ratios optimal for the production of synthetic diesel fuel from steam-hydrogasification of carbonaceous materials. Pure CH₄ and CH₄-CO₂ mixtures were used as reactants in the presence of steam. SMR runs were conducted at various operation parameters. Increasing temperature from 873 to 1,023 K decreased H₂/CO ratio from 20 to 12. H₂/CO ratio decreased from 16 to 12 with pressure decreasing from 12.8 to 1.7 bars. H₂/CO ratio also decreased from about 11 to 7 with steam/CH₄ ratio of feed decreasing from 5 to 2, the lowest limit to avoid severe coking. With pure CH₄ as the feed, H₂/CO ratio of synthesis gas could not be lowered to the optimal range of 4–5 by adjusting the operation parameters; however, the limitation in optimizing the H₂/CO ratio for synthetic diesel fuel production could be removed by introducing CO₂ to CH₄ feed to make CH₄-CO₂ mixtures. This effect can be primarily attributed to the contributions by CO₂ reforming of CH₄ as well as reverse water-gas shift reaction, which led to lower H₂/CO ratio for the synthesis gas. A simulation technique, ASPEN Plus, was applied to verify the consistency between experimental data and simulation results. The model satisfactorily simulated changes of H₂/CO ratio versus the operation parameters as well as the effect of CO₂ addition to CH₄ feed.     

米饭添加量对大米粉性质及粉条品质的影响

以早籼米为原料制成米饭并将其干燥研磨成粉末分别以5、10、15、20、25、30、35%的比例与生大米粉末混合,通过对大米粉的糊化和凝胶等理化特性以及粉条的蒸煮损失和拉伸性能进行分析,并结合感官评分,研究米饭添加量对大米粉性质及粉条品质的影响。结果表明：不同的米饭添加量糊化特性指标存在显著差异(P<0.05),主要是大米粉的糊化温度与米饭添加量成正比,峰值黏度、衰减值与米饭添加量成反比;其中添加量为15%的大米粉凝胶硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和回弹性最大,均显著(P<0.05)高于其他样品;溶解度和膨胀力则受米饭添加量的影响不显著。在粉条品质方面,米饭添加量≦15%时,随着米饭的添加,粉条的断条率、吐浆值降低,抗拉伸阻力、延伸度增大,感官品质提升;米饭添加量>15%时,则相反。因此,当米饭添加量为15%时,粉条的综合品质最佳。     

Hot Alkali Refining of Cellulosic Pulps in the Presence of Sodium Sulfide

Cotton linter pulp and paper pulp were subjected to hot refining with potassium and sodium hydroxide in the presence of sodium sulfide at concentrations of 5% and 20%. The resulting changes in their chemical, physical, and submicroscopic properties as well as their mercerization depth were studied. The addition of sodium sulfide during hot sodium or potassium hydroxide refining of the pulps resulted in a small increase in α-cellulose content of the cotton linters. Remarkable increase was observed in the case of the paper pulp as well as in the resulting decrystallization, and it increased the heterogeneity of the macromolecular structure of both pulps. This led to an increase in the swelling ability of the fibers as revealed from the results of water retention value (WRV), liquor retention value (LRV), and sodium hydroxide retention value (NaOH RV). The addition of sodium sulfide to sodium or potassium hydroxide during hot refining of the cotton linters or to sodium hydroxide during refining of the paper pulp led to the reduction in the degree of polymerization and to improvement in the reactivity towards xanthation. This was in contrast to the results of the alkali refining of the paper pulp with a mixture of potassium hydroxide-sodium sulfide in which the degree of polymerization was increased and the reactivity towards xanthation was decreased. The mercerization depth of the hot refined pulps was also investigated using FUR 1650 spectrophotometer absorption method. The cotton linters refined with a mixture of 5% sodium hydroxide-sodium sulfide possessed a higher degree of chemical purity and a good open and accessible fine structure and at the same time were characterized with a higher degree of polymerization suitable for use as a starting refined pulp for the manufacture of paper documents.     

Comparative Assessment of Bromate Control Options

Various bromate control options were assessed through an intensive pilot testing program, performed with a four-cell bubble contactor, and focused on intermediate ozonation of conventionally-treated sand-filtered water. Both acid addition and ammonia addition independently provided good bromate reduction, with their combinational addition providing no further reduction. On a CT basis, the use of a static mixer did not increase bromate formation, while staged ozonation enhanced bromate formation over single stage application.     

模2n加整体逼近模2加产生的噪声函数的概率分布研究

该文证明了模2n加变换以6种不同的方式整体逼近模2加时产生的噪声函数取值概率的数值分布相同,给出了6种噪声函数的概率分布之间的相互转化关系,并给出了6种整体逼近所产生的噪声函数的取值概率的计算公式以及概率值平方和的计算公式,并修正了三元模2加整体逼近模2n加时所产生的噪声函数取值概率的平方和的计算公式。这些结论在区分攻击中有一定的应用价值。     

激光荧光法测定尿和环境样品中的微量铀

本文描述了用 UA-3铀分析仪——激光荧光法测定尿和各类环境样品中的微量铀。实验证明,样品经处理后,能很好地适于用 UA-3对铀的测量。并对多种样品中的铀进行了测定与比对。     

基于Montgomery模乘的RSA加密处理器

提出一种基4的Montgomery模乘算法及优化的硬件结构,将传统基2模乘运算迭代次数减少近一半。在该模乘模块基础上设计高速RSA加密处理器,采用进位保留形式的全并行模幂运算流程,避免长进位链和中间结果转换的问题。结果表明,该设计同时适应FPGA和ASIC实现,完成一次标准1 024位RSA加密运算仅需9 836个周期,加密速率提高50%以上。     

对称密码算法中两类线性表达式的概率优势

分析欧洲序列密码候选算法ABC的安全性,提炼出两类与安全性密切相关的具有概率优势的线性表达式。两个概率优势反映了模加法运算之间的两种线性相关性。利用每类表达式及其概率优势都可以推导出ABC算法的大量弱密钥。在弱密钥条件下,可以计算出算法的1 257 bit初始密钥,从而导致了算法的有效破解方法。第一类表达式反映了两个模加法方程普遍存在的一种线性相关性,第二类表达式反映了三个模加法方程的比特进位之间的线性相关性。其中,第二类中一个典型的表达式最初是由Wu和Preneel发现,并由此得到2~(96)个弱密钥,但他们只是通过测试试验数据得到了该表达式的概率优势估计值,并未给出严格证明。文中给出两类表达式的概率优势的严格证明。模加运算被广泛应用于对称密码的设计中,相信这两类线性表达式的概率优势不仅可以用来分析其它对称密码算法,而且对于设计安全的对称密码算法也是非常重要的。