Workgroups' propensity to comply with safety rules: the influence of micro-macro organisational factors

This article is about workgroup carefulness or propensity to comply with safety rules and various organisational factors that may impact on this behaviour. Empirical data concern 1061 workgroups drawn from a random sample of 97 manufacturing plants. A model combining micro and macro organisational factors is developed and tested by a multilevel analysis. Micro level factors refer to variables measuring work processes and hazards, workgroup cohesiveness and cooperation, supervisor's experience and approach to safety management, while macro level factors consist in variables measuring top management commitment in occupational safety and socio-economic characteristics of firms. Results support the hypothesis that micro organisational factors are the primary determinants of the propensity to safety compliance behaviour, with social relationships variables at the shopfloor level being the best predictors. Results also suggest that the fabric of these social relationships can be substantially influenced by managerial actions in developing a participative approach in the supervisory management of safety and a commitment of senior managers to develop the safety program and joint regulation mechanisms.     

面向MES的钢铁烧结生产原料供应调度系统

针对某钢铁企业烧结厂烧结生产原料供应调度问题,提出了面向MES的烧结生产原料供应调度系统的整体功能、结构和设计原则,并采用了模型加启发式算法和人际交互相结合的烧结生产原料供应调度计划编制方法。设计并开发了烧结生产原料供应调度系统,通过现场数据离线仿真表明:该系统可快速准确地编制出符合现场情况、满足工艺要求、高效的烧结生产原料供应调度计划。     

电子SMT虚拟制造培训系统的研究

本文论述先进SMT虚拟制造技术,研发出先进电子SMT教学培训系统,在电子SMT设计和制造"孤岛"间建立联系,将PCB设计、SMT生产线工艺设计、关健SMT设备编程、加工过程可视化仿真和可制造性评价系统集成,在计算机上以直观、生动、精确的方式模拟出先进电子SMT制造技术。     

基于MES的特钢行业生产计划管理系统研究

针对特钢企业多品种、小批量、短流程、多工艺路线等生产特点，提出了一种基于MES的特钢行业生产计划管理解决方案，并完成该系统的设计及实现。该方案扩展了传统MES的功能，部分实现了上层ERP的生产计划制定功能，对生产执行层的月计划和每日作业计划进行了制定，并着重解决了生产过程中的扰动对生产的影响。该系统的实施增强了企业生产的宏观管控和实时监控能力，为提高企业整体生产管理水平奠定了信息化的基础。     

基于B/S的轮胎企业MES系统研发

本文针对轮胎企业现有自动化系统的特点及存在的问题,提出在原有PCS系统基础上进行MES系统改造。通过分析,基于B/S的体系结构能够更好的满足轮胎企业MES改造的实际情况,并利用Hibernate数据对象持久化技术,有效避免了采用传统方法而带来的软件系统风险。     

柔性制造过程的状态监控

本文针对某厂加工车间的实际需求,通过对被监控对象的详细分析,采用数据采集模块、RS485总线和组态软件来完成数据的采集与处理,基于集成的观念,设计并建造了一个柔性制造过程的状态监控系统,该系统实现了模块间、系统间以及信息间的集成。     

Analysis and Reduction of Ultrasonic Pitting Defects on Hard Disk Surfaces

It has become of paramount importance to be able to perform failure analysis of defects on hard disk surfaces quickly and accurately. In this study, ultrasonic pitting defects on hard disk surfaces were investigated. A new electrical tagging pattern system, which directly translated the channel bits to magnetic transitions during writing of the magnetic pattern around a defect, was used in the failure analysis of magnetic recording disks to mark defective sectors. With the help of the Kerr magneto-effect, the defective sectors were effectively located for further failure analysis. Results of the failure analysis revealed that there was 30% to 40% loss of the recorded magnetic bit signal due to an increase in the gap between a recording head and a hard disk surface with ultrasonic pitting defects. The experiments performed indicated that low ultrasonic power for disk cleaning could reduce the ultrasonic pitting defects significantly. The maximum failure rate due to single-type ultrasonic pitting defects was reduced from 33.4% to 16.7%, while the maximum failure rate due to cluster-type ultrasonic pitting defects was reduced from 11.1% to 5%.     

我国水轮机研究开发与制造技术的新进展

随着在先进设计与制造技术方面的研究开发及应用,在过去10年中,我国水轮机行业取得了巨大的技术进步.本文简单介绍我国在水轮机的水力研究开发与大型机组制造技术方面的最新进展情况.     

Role of laser sensor systems in automation and flexible manufacturing

New industries and production plants require a flexible system, which is capable of picking up objects of various shapes, weights, and colors with arbitrary position and orientation. Such a system also needs recognition and guiding sub-systems. The recognition system includes target function for the recognition sub-system and relation between object characteristics and recognition target. The laser sensor system can be used for such object recognition. Wire-based telemetry and control systems can cause many problems in shop floors and factories, and so there has been a strong growth of interest in wireless guidance like vehicles equipped with laser guiding and navigation systems. For the continuous measurements of parameters such as temperature, etc. optical laser sensor technology seems to become more applicable at this stage. This article describes the operational principles and the use of the most advanced laser sensor systems for quantity measurements, guiding, navigation, pattern recognition, and vision systems for inspection purposes. A variety of laser-based sensors, which can be used as sensing devices in manufacturing, and production technology, are described in this study. Adaptive cruise control systems that can be used in automobile industry to monitor distance and speed are described in this report. As a typical example, the principal operation of a laser guided mobile robot using a laser navigation system is also described.     

虚拟制造环境中制造装备的三维建模及动作模拟

虚拟制造中，三维加工装备建模是这种活动的仿真基础之一。该文以简单车床为例，具体研究了加工装备的三维模型简化和建立，然后剖析了模型的整体结构，并按照运动和非运动部分将其分块和组合，形成了模型的装配视图，建立了每个分块的局部坐标系统。在此基础上模拟了车床的相关分块的运动，最后形成了一个具有立体视效果的模拟环境，为加工装备的具体加工过程虚拟化建立了设备基础。