Nb5+掺杂对(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4O12陶瓷结构与电性能的影响

该文利用固相反应法制备了(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12 (x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05,0.07,0.10,0.15,0.20, 摩尔分数)陶瓷。借助X线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜研究了Nb5+的摩尔分数对(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4O12陶瓷的相结构及表面微观形貌的影响,借助高低温介电测试系统和阻抗测试仪获得了(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷电性能变化规律。结果表明,各组分(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷均为单相立方钙钛矿结构;Nb5+摩尔分数的增加可抑制(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷晶粒的生长并消除其晶粒异常长大;适量掺杂 Nb+能够有效提高(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷的晶界电阻,从而降低其介电损耗,且可提高(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷相对介电常数的温度稳定性。     

界面化学反应形成的纳米颗粒对有机交叉点存储器的影响

研究了有机交叉点存储器件中,有机物与电极界面化学反应形成的纳米颗粒对电学特征的影响.器件的阳极和阴极分别为氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃和真空热蒸发沉积的～薄膜,有机半导体层为真空热蒸发沉积的2-amino-4,5-dicyanoimidazole(AlDcN)薄膜.通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X光电子能谱(XPS)测量,在AIDCN/ITO界面上发现SnOx纳米颗粒形成,并证明此纳米颗粒的形成是由于ITO中的高价氧化锡和AIDCN之间的固相反应,纳米颗粒中的Sn元素主要是从ITO表面的锡富集层中析出.研究证明了界面上纳米颗粒的形成是器件双稳态现象的关键,用这种方式制成的交叉点结构的三层有机存储器件其开关比达到107～1011.     

Ni3N–CeO2 Heterostructure Bifunctional Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting

Developing low-cost and high-efficient bifunctional catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is greatly significant for water electrolysis. Here, Ni₃N-CeO₂/NF heterostructure is synthesized on the nickel foam, and it exhibits excellent HER and OER performance. As a result, the water electrolyzer based on Ni₃N-CeO₂/NF bifunctional catalyst only needs 1.515 V@10 mA cm⁻², significantly better than that of Pt/C||IrO₂ catalysts. In situ characterizations unveil that CeO₂ plays completely different roles in HER and OER processes. In situ infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations indicate that the introduction of CeO₂ can optimizes the structure of interface water, and the synergistic effect of Ni₃N and CeO₂ improve the HER activity significantly, while the in situ Raman spectra reveal that CeO₂ accelerates the reconstruction of O_V (oxygen vacancy)-rich NiOOH for boosting OER. This study clearly unlocks the different catalytic mechanisms of CeO₂ for boosting the HER and OER activity of Ni₃N for water splitting, which provides the useful guidance for designing the high-performance bifunctional catalysts for water splitting.     

Interfacial Proton Supply/Filtration Regulates the Dynamics of Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: A Perspective

As a promising energy carrier, ammonia synthesis by electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is a promising green and low-carbon ammonia synthesis strategy that can replace the traditional Haber–Bosch process. However, the development of eNRR processes is mainly severely constrained by competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the corresponding strategies to inhibit this adverse side reaction to obtain high eNRR selectivity are still limited. In addition, for this complex reaction involving gas–liquid–solid three-phase interface and proton/electron transfer, it is great significance to analyze and summarize the existing inhibition HER strategies from the viewpoint of dynamics. In view of this, this work reviews proton supply/filtration regulation strategy in catalytic system, allowing a systematic survey of the literature focusing on interface membrane regulation (inorganic membrane and organic membrane), electrolyte regulation (metal-mediated strategy and electrolyte ion regulation strategy) and system device design (electrode structure design and electrolytic cell device design). Constructive catalytic system design guidance is also suggested to inhibit hydrogen evolution and improve NH₃ selectivity, aiming for scalable and economically feasible applications.     

基于化学机械动力学的碱性铜抛光液平坦化机理研究

The planarization mechanism of alkaline copper slurry is studied in the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process from the perspective of chemical mechanical kinetics.Different from the international dominant acidic copper slurry,the copper slurry used in this research adopted the way of alkaline technology based on complexation. According to the passivation property of copper in alkaline conditions,the protection of copper film at the concave position on a copper pattern wafer surface can be achieved without the corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole(BTA),by which the problems caused by BTA can be avoided.Through the experiments and theories research,the chemical mechanical kinetics theory of copper removal in alkaline CMP conditions was proposed. Based on the chemical mechanical kinetics theory,the planarization mechanism of alkaline copper slurry was established. In alkaline CMP conditions,the complexation reaction between chelating agent and copper ions needs to break through the reaction barrier.The kinetic energy at the concave position should be lower than the complexation reaction barrier,which is the key to achieve planarization.     

负氢离子释放剂对2-甲基-2-丁烯氢转移反应的影响

负氢离子转移反应是氢转移反应的基元反应,促进负氢离子转移反应可以强化选择性氢转移反应。在反应温度510 ℃、剂/油质量比5、质量空速12 h^-1、N₂气氛条件下,分别考察了四氢萘和十氢萘作为负氢离子释放剂对2-甲基-2-丁烯氢转移反应的影响。结果表明：四氢萘和十氢萘均能有效地促进2-甲基-2-丁烯发生选择性氢转移反应,产物中C₅烯烃产率由52.95%最低分别降至37.83%和17.03%,异戊烷产率由17.80%最高分别增加至42.98%和54.58%,焦炭产率由5.28%最低分别降至3.11%和2.85%;且十氢萘比四氢萘具有更好的供氢能力,相同含量的十氢萘对于产物中烯烃产率的降低幅度、异构烷烃产率和选择性的增加幅度的影响均比四氢萘更大,对焦炭产率的抑制作用更强。在含烯烃汽油中分别加入质量分数10%四氢萘和十氢萘后,烯烃产率由11.20%分别降低至5.48%和4.01%;同时能够很好地抑制焦炭的生成,尤其加入十氢萘后焦炭产率由5.30%降到2.82%。     

四氢萘催化裂化研究进展

加氢处理油中含有一定量的环烷基单环芳烃,研究四氢萘催化裂化有利于加强对更多环数环烷基单环芳烃催化裂化的认识。综述了四氢萘催化裂化过程的反应机理,认为四氢萘主要遵循单分子裂化机理;从反应活化能、扩散、吸附等动力学角度对四氢萘裂解行为进行了解释;催化剂适宜的孔径和BrØnsted酸强度有利于四氢萘开环;随着反应温度升高、剂/油质量比增大、质量空速减小,四氢萘反应活性增强,同时氢转移反应愈发明显。适宜的催化剂孔径和Brnsted酸强度、反应温度、剂/油质量比以及质量空速有利于四氢萘裂化生成低碳烯烃。     

球形ZSM-5分子筛的制备及其在甲醇制芳烃反应中的应用

以ZSM-5分子筛为主要原料,采用水柱成型法制备球形分子筛颗粒,通过低温N2吸附-脱附、XRD、智能颗粒强度试验机等手段对样品进行表征,对黏结剂种类进行筛选,考察了黏结剂用量、不同后处理过程对球形分子筛物性的影响,并进行了应用性能评价。结果表明：黏结剂优选铝胶,随着铝胶用量的增加产品强度逐渐增大;铝胶的加入量为40%,硝酸铝进行后处理,可制备孔体积0.34 mL/g、比表面积282 m2/g、强度38 N/颗的球形分子筛颗粒;将其负载Zn-Ni活性组分应用于甲醇制芳烃反应中,液体收率、芳烃收率及选择性均优于条形催化剂。     

Kinetic modeling of pyrolysis of three Iranian waste oils in a micro-fluidized bed

Different approaches have been used to convert the waste materials into a clean syngas or other chemicals such as methanol. Among them, pyrolysis is a good candidate to produce the synthesis gas and volatile matters for industrial and refinery applications. In this work, we studied the kinetic and chemical behavior of three Iranian waste oils through a kinetic model and an experimental study. The experiments carried out in a micro-FB reactor, which is a good option for low emissions. Results showed that the reaction temperature and reaction rate are two of the most important factors for maximum conversion level of fuel. Results also showed an optimum value for reaction rate. The modeling results validated against the experimental measurements and found to be in good agreements.     

超声波处理对减压渣油分子结构的影响

为提高渣油的质量,对渣油进行了超声波处理,其输出功率为800W,温度为70°C,间隔为0到11分钟。实验表明,超声波处理7min后,黏度和残炭率分别降低14.1%和7.4%。饱和分含量增加,芳烃、胶质和沥青质含量下降。用FT-IR、1H-NMR等手段对平均分子结构参数进行了表征,而超声处理时间长达7分钟,渣油参数的变化也越来越大。超声波处理产生的机械搅拌和空化作用引起减压渣油分子的一系列变化。微观变化影响了平均分子结构的参数,这通常在SARA分数中显示出来。采用热重法分析了超声波处理后减压渣油热反应特性的变化。随着超声波处理时间的增加,热解所需的表观活化能逐渐降低,温度也随之降低。