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91.
《Ceramics International》2015,41(4):5812-5820
The study of bitumen substitution in the field of road construction is necessary to overcome the effects of limited oil resources and economic problems. The elaboration of new materials based on geopolymer binders and aggregates was investigated in this work. Two series of formulations of geopolymer binders based on sodium or potassium were prepared with the incorporation of granite or diorite. The formulation of these binder was investigated by the study of (i) the effect of the nature of the alkaline solution by modify the pH value with base and (ii) the mass percentage of the incorporated aggregates. The time evolution study shows different aspects of the synthesized materials, which depend essentially on the composition of the activating solutions and the nature of the alkaline solutions. The formulations using these ratios (Si/Na=1.55; Si/K=1.94 and 2.96) appear the best. Moreover, it was evidenced that materials based on the potassium alkaline solution present a consolidated aspect faster than the materials based on the sodium alkaline solution. Additionally, it is possible to incorporate diorite or granite until 60 w% with some formulations. These various formulations are promising to be use not as a substitute of bitumen but in addition between bitumen and ground. 相似文献
92.
Experimental evaluation using screening design is employed to determine the significant parameters in preparation of anion exchange membranes applicable in solid alkaline fuel cell. Anion exchange membranes are prepared based on quaternized polysulfone using trimethylamine and N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐1,6‐hexanediamine as amination agents. Plackett Burman and Fractional Factorial designs are used to model variable factors and responses. Chloromethylation time and temperature, amination time and temperature and molar ratio of amines to chloromethylated sites on the polymer chain are studied as the model variables. Moreover, ex situ ionic conductivity (at 25 and 60 °C) and swelling ratio (at 25 °C) of the prepared anion exchange membranes are considered as the responses. Finally, based on analysis of variance using statistical software, the chloromethylation time, the amination temperature and the molar ratio of amines are defined as the dominant parameters which significantly affect the performance of the anion exchange membranes. 相似文献
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94.
采用焙烧的方式处理含硼尾矿,以常压碱解率来评价其焙烧前后的反应活性。在TG-DTA热分析的基础上,研究了焙烧温度对含硼尾矿活性的影响,并采用X射线衍射对含硼尾矿焙烧矿样的物相组成进行了表征分析。结果表明:焙烧能显著提高含硼尾矿的活性。焙烧温度达到700℃之前,活性随着焙烧温度升高而增大;焙烧温度700℃时,活性达到70.10%,相比未经焙烧的含硼尾矿活性提高了26.69%。活性提高的主要原因在于,通过焙烧,不易碱解的含硼矿物硼镁石(Mg_2(OH)[B_2O_4(OH)])脱水分解成易于碱解的遂安石(Mg_2B_2O_5)。 相似文献
95.
The individual effects of alkaline (pH 8-13) and ultrasonic (3750-45,000 kJ/kg TS) pretreatments on the disintegration of sewage sludge were separately tested, and then the effect of combining these two methods at different intensity levels was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). In the combined pretreatment, ultrasonic treatment was applied to the alkali-pretreated sludge. While the solubilization (SCOD/TCOD) increase was limited to 50% in individual pretreatments, it reached 70% in combined pretreatment, and the results clearly showed that preconditioning of sludge at high pH levels played a crucial role in enhancing the disintegration efficiency of the subsequent ultrasonic pretreatment. By applying regression analysis, the disintegration degree (DD) was fitted based on the actual value to a second order polynomial equation: Y = −172.44 + 29.82X1 + 5.30 × 10−3X2 − 7.53 × 10−5X1X2 − 1.10X12 − 1.043 × 10−7X22, where X1, X2, and Y are pH, specific energy input (kJ/kg TS), and DD, respectively. In a 2D contour plot describing the tendency of DD with respect to pH and specific energy input, it was clear that DD increased as pH increased, but it seemed that DD decreased when the specific energy input exceeded about 20,000 kJ/kg TS. This phenomenon tells us that there exists a certain point where additional energy input is ineffective in achieving further disintegration. A synergetic disintegration effect was also found in the combined pretreatment, with lower specific energy input in ultrasonic pretreatment yielding higher synergetic effect. Finally, in order to see the combined pretreatment effect in continuous operation, the sludge pretreated with low intensity alkaline (pH 9)/ultrasonic (7500 kJ/kg TS) treatment was fed to a 3 L of anaerobic sequencing batch reactor after 70 days of control operation. CH4 production yield significantly increased from 81.9 ± 4.5 mL CH4/g CODadded to 127.3 ± 5.0 mL CH4/g CODadded by pretreatment, and this enhanced performance was closely related to the solubilization increase of the sludge by pretreatment. However, enhanced anaerobic digestion resulted in 20% higher soluble N concentration in the reactor, which would be an additional burden in the subsequent nitrogen removal system. 相似文献
96.
Ultrasonic enhancement of waste activated sludge hydrolysis and volatile fatty acids accumulation at pH 10.0 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Volatile fatty acids (VFA), the preferred carbon source for biological nutrients removal, can be produced by waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. However, because the rate of VFA accumulation is limited by that of WAS hydrolysis and VFA is always consumed by methanogens at acidic or neutral pHs, the ultrasonic pretreatment which can accelerate the rate of WAS hydrolysis, and alkaline adjustment which can inhibit the activities of methanogens, were, therefore, used to improve WAS hydrolysis and VFA accumulation in this study. Experiment results showed that the combination of ultrasonic pretreatment and alkaline adjustment caused significant enhancements of WAS hydrolysis and VFA accumulation. The study of ultrasonic energy density effect revealed that energy density influenced not only the total VFA accumulation but also the percentage of individual VFA. The maximal VFA accumulation (3109.8 mg COD/L) occurred at ultrasonic energy density of 1.0 kW/L and fermentation time of 72 h, which was more than two times that without ultrasonic treatment (1275.0 mg COD/L). The analysis of VFA composition showed that the percentage of acetic acid ranked the first (more than 40%) and those of iso-valeric and propionic acids located at the second and third places, respectively. Thus, the suitable ultrasonic conditions combined with alkaline adjustment for VFA accumulation from WAS were ultrasonic energy density of 1.0 kW/L and fermentation time of 72 h. Also, the key enzymes related to VFA formation exhibited the highest activities at ultrasonic energy density of 1.0 kW/L, which resulted in the greatest VFA production during WAS fermentation at pH 10.0. 相似文献
97.
98.
The ethylene glycol and 2-propanol electrooxidation reaction was studied on carbon dispersed ordered intermetallic PtPb nanocatalysts in KOH solution. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize ordered intermetallic PtPb/C catalysts. The electrochemical behaviors for the ethylene glycol and 2-propanol electrooxidation reaction were measured in a thin film electrode by cyclic voltammetry, Tafel curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that in contrast with PtRu/C and Pt/C catalyst, ordered intermetallic PtPb/C had better electroactivity, and kinetic mechanism of PtPb/C is complex. Although the activity of electrocatalysts depends on many factors, such as modification of geometric and electronic structure by Pt-Pb interaction, crystalline size and so on. But the key factor for each electrooxidation reaction was different. For ethylene glycol electrooxidation, the effect of formation and desorption of poisonous species on activity of catalyst was very significant. For 2-propanol electrooxidation, the modification of geometric and electronic structures may be play a decisive role in the enhance activity of electrocatalyst. 相似文献
99.
《中国生物制品学杂志》2010,(11)
目的在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中高效表达圆弧青霉碱性脂肪酶(Alkaline lipase,LipⅠ)。方法采用RT-PCR法从圆弧青霉PG37中扩增lipⅠ基因的cDNA片段,克隆入表达质粒pPIC9K中,构建重组表达质粒pPIC9K-lipⅠ,转化入毕赤酵母GS115,筛选高拷贝重组子GS115/lipⅠ,甲醇诱导表达,并对诱导表达条件进行初步优化。结果 GS115/lipⅠ在培养基初始pH6.0,甲醇添加量1.0%的BMMY培养基中,于30℃诱导96h,发酵液上清中LipⅠ的活性为10.5U/ml。在培养基初始pH9.0,甲醇添加量1.0%的BMMY培养基中,24℃诱导120h,GS115/lipⅠ发酵液上清中LipⅠ的活性最高,达407U/ml。结论在毕赤酵母GS115中高效表达了具有活性的圆弧青霉LipⅠ。 相似文献
100.