凝胶法片状莫来石粉的制备及应用

采用拟薄水铝石和非晶态超细SiO_2微粉为原料。以溶胶-凝胶工艺制取莫来石凝胶,通过干燥、煅烧研制得片状结晶莫来石粉。初步研究了凝胶法莫来石粉在钛酸铝陶瓷和烧结刚玉砖中的应用。实验结果表明:凝胶粉起到了促进烧结、降低烧成温度的作用,并使钛酸铝——莫来石复相陶瓷和刚玉砖的强度得到了显著提高。     

Micro-end-milling-I. Wear and breakage

Unpredictable tool life and premature tool failure are major problems in micro-machining. In this study, the failure mechanisms of micro-end-mills were studied during the machining of aluminum, graphite electrodes and mild steel workpieces. Hundreds of machining operations were performed, and the pictures of cutting edges were taken with a scanning electron microscope to identify fatigue and extensive stress-related failure mechanisms. Also, the cutting force variation was monitored, i.e. the relationship between the utilization-related changes at the tool structure (wear), and the outcomes (increasing cutting force which means raising stress on the tiny shaft). Inspection of the cutting force variation patterns of large numbers of micro-end-mills indicated that tool failure occurs with chip clogging, fatigue and wear-related excessive stress depending on the characteristics of the workpiece. Two tool breakage prediction methods were developed by considering the variation of the static part of the feed direction cutting force. These methods used segmental averages and wavelet transformation coefficients. The accuracy of the proposed approaches were tested with experimental data and the agreement between the predictions and actual observations are reported.     

Acousto-ultrasonic evaluation of adhesively bonded CFRP-aluminum joints

Correlation between the amount of artificial defects in bonded region and the acousto-ultrasonic parameters (AUPs) including the signal amplitude in adhesively bonded joints of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates and Al6061 plates was investigated. The effect of the frequency content and the bandwidth of input signals were studied using 200 kHz, 650 kHz, 1 MHz, 2 MHz pulses and 1 MHz tone-burst signals. With increasing fraction of defects, the signal amplitude and AUP1 were decreased but AUP2 was increased. This result was attributed to the energy transfer characteristics of bonded joints with delamination-type defects and the change of spectral content as a result of the defects. Considering the highly attenuative nature of composite laminates, a pulse signal with major frequency content at or around the third harmonic of thickness mode resonance, 600700 kHz for the dimension of specimens used in this study, was found optimal for acousto-ultrasonic testing of CFRP-aluminum joints.     

大型铝合金铸件涂料的研究

通过对涂料基本成分的探讨,自行研制了大型铝合金铸件Ｌ２１１型涂料。该涂料具有良好的工艺性能,能有效地防止铸件表面粘砂、夹砂等缺陷,铸件表面粗糙度达到Ｒａ４５～１２５。     

交流负半周对高纯铝在盐酸溶液中点蚀行为的影响

研究了阴极下限电位和阴极半周时间对高纯铝在２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ溶液中三角波动电位极化初期的伏安特性和表面形貌的影响,随极极下限电位的负移,阳极溶解电流快速减小,腐蚀箔表面蚀坑直么和密度明显降低;但在同一阴极下限电位时,随阴极半周时间的延长,阳极电流则缓慢降低。     

梯度复合材料活塞的挤压铸造研究

陶瓷梯度增强铝基复合材料是发动机活塞的理想增强材料。采用挤压铸造法制造出梯度复合材料活塞,对梯度 复合材料的层间结合的显微组织进行了观察,发现复合材料之间、复合材料与基体之间的结合情况非常令人满意。采用 ANSYS有限元分析软件,对梯度复合材料活塞的隔热效果进行了分析,分析结果显示隔热度提高了8.7％。     

Prediction of crack growth following a single overload in aluminum alloy with sheet and plate microstructure

The fatigue crack growth behavior under constant amplitude and under single overload of 2024 aluminum alloy in sheet and plate product form has been investigated. Constant amplitude fatigue crack growth tests showed superior crack growth resistance of the plate attributed to a pronounced roughness induced crack closure as a result of the coarse and elongated grain structure. Crack growth tests with single overload showed that the retardation effect caused by the overload is not primarily influenced by roughness crack closure at the crack path. In this case, the sheet material with lower yield strength revealed a higher retardation effect than the plate material. The observed crack growth behavior has been simulated with the LTSM-F model, which accounts for retardation of crack growth after an overload due to material strain hardening at the crack front. Dissimilar strain hardening at the crack tip due to different yield strength for the sheet and plate has been considered by means of strength gradients inside the overload plastic zone. The analytical results confirmed the observed material crack growth trends.     

SiO2在真空低价氟化法炼铝过程的分布

热力学研究得出:当系统残余压力为100~10 Pa时,SiO2与碳反应在1465~1353 K以上即可生成Si和CO;在1329~1225 K以上即可生成SiC和CO;SiO2和还原剂碳及氟化铝在1464~1353 K以上反应生成SiF4和CO及铝。实验考察了真空低价氟化法炼铝过程中SiO2的分布。XRD表明:SiO2在低价氟化法炼铝过程中有五种走向:(1)被还原成SiC,存在于残渣相;(2)被还原为单质硅,再与还原出的铁生成硅铁,存在于残渣相;(3)SiO2与冰晶石生成铝硅酸盐进入气相中;(4)SiO2与冰晶石生成气态SiF4,再与冰晶石分解的氟化钠形成Na2SiF6进入冷凝相;(5)形成气态低价氧化硅,再在合适温度下分解为单质硅进入冷凝相。     

Fracture and physical properties of carbon anodes for the aluminum reduction cell

An experimental study with total 504 specimens has been carried out to investigate the fracture and physical properties of the carbon anode materials. The specimens were sampled from anodes produced with machined stub holes. From normal-and Weibull analysis the fracture toughness and the tensile strength showed a clear temperature dependency and orthotropic behavior. It has been found that both the fracture toughness and tensile strength increases with the temperature and are larger for the specimens directed in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction. The variation in the tensile strength within an anode decreased with the temperature but the variation in the fracture strain increased. The tensile strain appears to be only dependent on the temperature and insensitive to the routine anode properties of the anode material. A multivariate linear regression analyses of the fracture toughness and tensile strength has been conducted and a typical correlation of R² = 0.5 (R is the Coefficient of Determination) to the measured routine anode properties was found. The thermal expansion coefficient is also larger in the vertical anode direction which makes the crack initiation more sensitive to temperatures. The orthotropic studies also showed that the air permeability has a tendency to be larger in the horizontal direction in the upper part of the anode which can induce unnecessary burning from the anode sides. The influence of the processing parameters in the paste plant and baking furnace has not been presented in this paper.     

Effects of La addition on the elevated temperature properties of the casting Al-Cu alloy

The tensile strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures of the casting Al-Cu alloy with La addition have been investigated. The results show that La can remarkably improve the tensile strength and creep resistance of the alloy. With 0.2-1.0 wt.% La addition, Al₁₁La₃ phase is found in the grain boundaries and spaces among the dendrites in the modified alloy. The tensile strength and creep resistance of the alloy with 0.3 wt.% La addition are found to be optimum.