晶闸管式等离子弧切割机的使用与维修

本文介绍了晶闸管式等离子弧切割机的操作原理、使用和维修技术。     

Dressing of filigree fine-grained metal bonded grinding wheels

Metal bonded grinding tools offer a remarkable potential for micro grinding because of their favorable wear behavior. However, metal bonded grinding tools, especially dicing blades, are hard to dress by conventional dressing methods. Electro contact discharge dressing, which is presented in this paper, is a numerically controlled dressing process offering the possibility to create the geometry and topography of the grinding wheel simultaneously at negligible dressing forces. The power of an electric circuit thermally removes the metal bond of the grinding wheel during the dressing process. The quality of the created profiles and the influence of the dressing parameters on the specific material removal rate of the grinding tool as well as the wear of the electrode are investigated at fine-grained grinding wheels.     

Mn含量对Mg2Ni型合金相形成及放电性能的影响

采用按比例混合合金粉末压制成圆柱试样，然后用低温烧结和随后机械球磨的方法制备了非晶态的Mg2Ni型合金。研究了烧结和球磨对不同Mn含量的Mg2Ni型合金的相形成过程及电化学性能的影响。实验表明：在Mg2Ni中采用第三组元Mn对Mg进行适量的替代后，通过烧结及球磨方法可以获得均匀的非晶相；微量替代可有效地提高其放电容量：随替代量的增加，合金最大放电容量和高速放电能力降低，而充放电循环稳定性提高。     

优质、高效电弧喷涂技术的应用和发展

本文介绍了电弧喷涂技术的原理、特点，在生产中的应用和发展，国内在研究和应用方面存在的差距，该技术的发展方向。     

Study On the Tribological Behavior of the Arc-added Glow Discharge Plasma Non-hydrogen Carburization On Titanium Alloy Surfaces

This paper introduces a new titanium alloys surface strengthening treatment by using the arc-added glow discharge plasmas non-hydrogen carburization technique. High purity and high strength graphite is selected as cooling cathode arc source for supplying carbon atoms and particle, which migrate to the titanium alloy(Ti6Al4V) surface and form modified layer. Thus, the hydrogen embrittlement is avoided while the tfibological behavior of the titanium alloy surface is improved in the respects of anti-friction and anti-wear ability.The tribological behavior of the modified layer under dry sliding against SAE52100 steel was evaluated on a ball-on-disc test rig. The results showed that the modified layer obtained a thickness of 30μm at 980℃, 30minutes. The microhardness of the Ti6Al4V alloy surface attained 936 HV, which was much larger than that of the Ti6AI4V alloy. The Ti6AI4V alloy was characterized by adhesion wear and scuffing under dry sliding against the steel, while the surface modified layer experienced much abated adhesion wear and scuffing under the same testing condition. This could be attributed to the carbon dement with different modalities exists in the modified layer.The modified layer showed good friction-reducing and fair anti-wear ability in dry sliding against the steel. Using the SEM,XRD and XPS, the phase structure and morphology of the carburization modified layer was analyzed.     

An investigation of ultrasonic-assisted electrical discharge machining in gas

This study focuses on using ultrasonic to improve the efficiency in electrical discharge machining (EDM) in gas medium. The new method is referred to as ultrasonic-assisted electrical discharge machining (UEDM). In the process of UEDM in gas, the tool electrode is a thin-walled pipe, the high-pressure gas medium is applied from inside, and the ultrasonic actuation is applied onto the workpiece. In our experiment, the workpiece material is AISI 1045 steel and the electrode material is copper. The experiment results indicate that (a) the Material Removal Rate (MRR) is increased with respect to the increase of the open voltage, the pulse duration, the amplitude of ultrasonic actuation, the discharge current, and the decrease of the wall thickness of electrode pipe; and (b) the surface roughness is increased with respect to the increase of the open voltage, the pulse duration, and the discharge current. Based on experimental results, a theoretical model to estimate the MRR and the surface roughness is developed.     

40Cr钢电火花表面强化层的磨损特性研究

分析了在大接触应力的磨损条件下,表面残余应力和硬度对40Cr电火花强化层耐磨性的影响,探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明:滚动磨损和滚、滑动磨损时,随着试样表层硬度的提高,试样的耐磨性增大;强化层中的残余压应力可以提高强化层的硬度并增强其耐磨性。滚动磨损时,电火花强化层的磨损方式主要为粘着磨损、疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损三种机制;在滚、滑动磨损时,除上述三种机制外,还发生了氧化磨损。     

森林植被改善对鄱阳湖流域径流和输沙过程的影响

以河流基流为切入点,研究流域植被调节径流、水土保持等微观作用影响大中型河流湖泊径流过程和水沙过程宏观效应的机理。鄱阳湖流域60年来天然降水没有发生趋势性变化。流域森林覆盖率由34.73%上升到63.00%,植被质量改善,赣江等入湖河流基流增加83 m~3/s,河流输沙量减少。2000年以后和2000年以前相比较,枯水期降水径流系数增大,年流量过程平坦化,一定程度上减小洪灾风险,有利于水资源利用和生态环境保护。2001年以后进入鄱阳湖泥沙平均每年减少1 007×10~4t;出湖泥沙增加314×10~4t。因此,鄱阳湖入江水道由淤积转变为冲刷,但出湖流量过程没有趋势性变化。     

墩头超长实用堰泄洪安全分析及模型试验验证——以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例

以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例,论述了将WES实用堰的闸墩墩头向上游超长延伸之后,对泄洪安全所造成的影响。针对WES实用堰流量系数、堰面动水压力容易受边界因子影响的特点,对设计断面的堰顶布置和墩头形状进行了优化。根据堰面空化数计算公式及水流特性推导出计算的关键部位,对空化数进行计算。采用几何比尺为1∶60的物理模型对溢流堰的泄流能力和堰面动水压力进行了试验测试。试验结果表明:溢流堰的模型试验泄流能力和设计泄流能力非常相近。堰面动水压力除工况2的B4测点出现了-1.2 k Pa的微小负压值外,其余堰面时均压强值均大于0。从而,在泄流能力和堰面动水压力两方面都验证了这种设计方案的合理性。该工程所遇到的结构布置问题在中低溢流坝工程中属常见问题,解决思路可为今后类似工程建设借鉴参考。     

Estimating discharge in gravel‐bed river using non‐contact ground‐penetrating and surface‐velocity radars

Discharge measurement is a critical task for gravel‐bed channels. Under high‐flow conditions, the elevation of the riverbed changes significantly by intensive torrential flow. The stage–discharge relations commonly used for stream discharge estimation may no longer be adequate. The contact‐type velocity measuring is also subject to measurement errors and/or instrument failures by the high‐flow velocities, driftwood, stumps, and debris. This study developed a new real‐time method to estimate river discharge in gravel‐bed channels. A systematic measuring technology combining ground‐penetrating radar and surface‐velocity radar was employed. The rating curves representing the relations of water surface velocity to the channel cross‐sectional mean velocity and flow area were established. Stream discharge was then deduced from the resulting mean velocity and flow area. The proposed method was examined in a steep gravel‐bed reach of the Cho‐Shui River in central Taiwan. The estimated stream discharge during three flood events were compared to the prediction by using the stage–discharge relation and the index‐velocity method. The proposed method of this study is capable of computing reasonable values of discharge for an entire flood hydrograph, whereas the other two methods tend to produce large extrapolation errors. Moreover, when the computed discharge is used in 2D flood flow simulation, the proposed method demonstrates better performance than the commonly used stage–discharge and index‐velocity methods.