Aromatic Hydrogenation Catalysis: A Review

High aromatic content in diesel fuel has been recognized both to lower the fuel quality and to contribute significantly to the formation of undesired emissions in exhaust gases [1, 2]. Because of the health hazards associated with these emissions, environmental regulations governing the composition of diesel fuels are being tightened in both Europe and the United States, leading to limitations on aromatics [3, 4].     

三种新型溴代芳胺类阻燃剂的合成研究

合成了三种溴代芳胺类阻燃剂∶十溴二苯胺、双（２，３，５，６ 四溴 ４ 氨基苯基）甲烷、双（３，５ 二溴 ４ 氨基苯基）甲烷，并对产品的后处理进行了探讨。实验还发现非溶剂法不适合于多溴代芳胺类化合物的合成。     

Polyamides incorporating furan moieties. 5. Synthesis and characterisation of furan-aromatic homologues

2,2′-Bis (5-chloroformyl 2-furyl) propane and various aromatic diamines were used as monomers in the study of their interfacial polycondensation and the properties of the ensuing furanic-aromatic polyamides. The effects of such variables as the nature of the organic phase, the temperature, the reaction time, and the type and concentration of the catalyst were investigated as well as the properties of the polyamides in terms of structure, average chain length, T_g, T_m and thermal stability.     

芳烃聚酯多元醇的合成及应用研究

介绍了以聚对苯对二甲酸乙二醇酯残渣和二乙二醇为主要原料制备低成本芳烃聚酯多元醇的工艺路线，讨论了温度，ＤＥＧ和ＰＥＴ残渣的摩尔比对芳烃聚酯多元醇性能的性能。试验表明，最佳反应温度为１９０℃－２２０℃，最佳摩尔比为１．２２－１．３４。研究了稳定剂对聚酯多元醇组合料贮存稳定性的影响，组合料贮存期在半年以上。聚酯型聚所酯硬泡的氧指数达２７．５％。     

芳烃添加物对催化裂化产品的影响

石油及其馏分具有分散物系的性质,由于分散介质的组成对油品的物理化学性质有重大影响,所以可用控制物系组成分布的方法来改善油品的质量。研究以减压瓦斯油为原料催化裂化时,通过改变其分散介质的组成分布达到对产品性质改善的目的。实验发现催化裂化时在最佳进料下加入芳烃添加物能提高汽油和轻质瓦斯油的产量和质量,改善催化剂的选择性和活性,同时降低生焦量。指出采用添加芳烃的方式可同时利用品质较差的原料进行催化裂化,而不会产生催化剂积焦严重的情况。添加物的最佳组成取决于催化裂化原料的性质及复杂结构单元的最小平均直径。     

Study of the oxidation stability and exhaust emission analysis of Moringa olifera biodiesel in a multi-cylinder diesel engine with aromatic amine antioxidants

In this study, the two most effective aromatic amine antioxidants N,N′-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (NPPD), were used at a concentration of 2000 ppm. The impact of antioxidants on the oxidation stability, exhaust emission and engine performance of a multi-cylinder diesel engine fuelled with MB20 (20% Moringa oil methyl ester and 80% diesel fuel blend) were analysed at varying speed conditions at an interval of 500 rpm and a constant load. It was observed that, blending with diesel enhanced the oxidation stability of the moringa biodiesel by approximately 6.97 h, and the addition of DPPD and NPPD to MB20 increased the oxidation stability up to 34.5 and 18.4 h, respectively. The results also showed that the DPPD- and NPPD-treated blends reduced the NOx emission by 7.4% and 3.04%, respectively, compared to the untreated blend. However, they do have higher carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) levels and smoke opacities, but it should be noted that these emissions are still well below the diesel fuel emission level. The results show that the addition of antioxidant with MB20 also improves the engine's performance characteristics. Based on this study, MB20 blends with amine antioxidants can be used in diesel engines without any modification.     

Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Oil during Slurry‐Phase Hydrocracking

The saturates, aromatics, and resins fractions of maltenes from upgraded oils obtained by slurry‐phase hydrocracking (SPH) under low‐severity reaction conditions using analytical‐grade and mineral catalysts were obtained by chromatographic separation. The reactions in the SPH at low severity with the catalysts used occur by free radicals, and their subsequent hydrogenation is from heavier fractions (asphaltenes and resins) to lighter fractions (aromatics, saturates, and light cuts). The degree of conversion depends on the type of catalyst used (Mo > Fe) and is also proportional to the active metal content of the catalyst. The enhanced conversion of aromatics and resins towards the saturates fraction depends on the hydrogenation capacity of the catalyst. The better flow properties of the maltenes are due to the conversion of heavier to lighter fractions and to the upgrading of the resins fraction properties.     

Mild oxidative degradation of spent auricularia auricular substrate and molecular composition of carboxylic acids in the resulting soluble portion

Spent auricularia auricular substrate(SAAS) was oxidatively degraded with aqueous hydrogen peroxide(AHPO)/acetic anhydride(AAH) to produce carboxylic acids(CAs) under mild conditions. The results show that up to 53.6% of the organic matter in SAAS was converted to the soluble species(SSs). In total 122 CAs were detected in the SSs by the analysis with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, which can be classified into 29 group components, mainly being aliphatic acids and along with small amount of aromatic acids. Among the aliphatic acids, normal alkanedioic acids are the most abundant. The detected aromatic acids include benzoic acids,phthalic acids, trimellitic acids, pyromellitic acids, and their derivatives. The synergistic oxidation and the released ·OH, CH_3COO·, and HOO· induced by AHPO/AAH play crucial roles in oxidatively degrading SAAS.     

Bromination of Aromatic Compounds using Bromine in a Microreactor

2,4,5‐Trifluorobromobenzene is a valuable intermediate with important application in the synthesis of biologically active peptides and fluorescent reagents. A continuous‐flow system has been successfully developed for the synthesis of 2,4,5‐trifluorobromobenzene in a microreactor using FeBr₃ as a catalyst, which is steadily generated in situ from the reaction of Br₂ and Fe. The procedure is efficient and easy‐to‐handle, and 2,4,5‐trifluorobromobenzene can be obtained within minutes in high yields.     

Aromatic-imide-based TADF material as emitter for efficient yellow and white organic light-emitting diodes

An aromatic-imide based TADF emitter (AI-4Cz) was designed and synthesized. The TADF emitter showed high thermal stability, good electrochemical properties, obvious AIE activity, small ΔE_ST value of 0.02 eV, and intense yellow emissions with PLQY of 76%. AI-4Cz also exhibited obvious microsecond-scale delayed fluorescence lifetime. Yellow OLED based on AI-4Cz was further fabricated, which achieved EQE_max of 16.7%. Moreover, a white OLED was fabricated through the dual emission layer strategy by using AI-4Cz and DMAC-DPS as emitting dopants, and the device obtained CIE coordinates of (0.30, 0.40), CRI value of 66, and an EQE_max of 13.6%.