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41.
42.
Bart J Kemps Flip R Bamelis Bart De Ketelaere Kristof Mertens Kokou Tona Eddy M Decuypere Josse G De Baerdemaeker 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2006,86(9):1399-1406
The objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of visible transmission spectroscopy for the non‐destructive assessment of the freshness of an individual egg. A total of 600 intact white‐shelled eggs of the same flock (Lohmann, 40 weeks of age) were measured. To obtain a considerable variation in freshness, groups consisting of 60 eggs were stored (18 °C, 55% RH) for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 days. The non‐destructive spectral measurements were compared with the two most widely used destructive freshness parameters, namely Haugh units and albumen pH. A partial least squares (PLS1) model was built in order to predict Haugh units and pH of the albumen based on the transmission spectra. The correlation coefficients between the predicted value and the measured value were 0.842 and 0.867 for Haugh unit and pH of the albumen, respectively. These results show that the light transmission spectrum of an egg provides quantitative information about egg freshness. Relevant information concerning egg freshness is restricted to the interval between 570 and 750 nm. Furthermore, the models obtained for both destructive parameters were strikingly similar, indicating that Haugh unit and pH have the same physico‐chemical background. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
43.
Online Raman spectra, obtained at different points along the spin line during pilot‐scale nonisothermal melt spinning of high density polyethylene (HDPE) fibers, are presented for the first time. The fraction of the crystalline phase corresponding to each spectrum was determined from the normalized integrated intensity of the 1418 cm?1 Raman band. It is well established that this band represents the orthorhombic crystalline phase in polyethylene. The estimates of percent crystallinity obtained from decomposition of the Raman spectrum were compared with the percent crystallinity from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. It is concluded that online Raman spectroscopy can be successfully used to monitor the development of crystallinity in HDPE fibers as a function of distance from the spinneret. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 545–549, 2003 相似文献
44.
Kuniaki Honjo 《Carbon》2003,41(5):979-984
Fracture toughness (KIC) of representative high-strength type PAN (polyacrylonitrile)-based carbon fibers, Torayca™ T300 and T800H, with or without artificial surface defects, were estimated to be ca. 1 MPam1/2 from the tensile strength vs. fracture mirror size relation, assuming a constant crack-to-mirror size ratio. The corresponding critical energy release rate (Γ) was ca. 7.4 J m−2, which was close to the value derived from the reported surface energies for a graphite crystal. Similar KIC values were obtained for the old-type PAN-based carbon fibers from the reported data by the use of the present estimation procedure. 相似文献
45.
A.V. GomonnaiI.M. Voynarovych A.M. SolomonYu.M. Azhniuk A.A. KikineshiV.P. Pinzenik M. Kis-VargaL. Daroczy V.V. Lopushansky 《Materials Research Bulletin》2003,38(13):1767-1772
Lattice structure and rod-like shaped SbSI nanocrystals obtained by ball milling with rod thickness down to 70 nm, as estimated from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy, is similar to that of the bulk crystals. The dependence of the grain size on the milling duration is discussed in view of the chain-like crystalline structure of SbSI. Possible factors, responsible for the observed Raman line broadening, are discussed, scattering by surface phonons being considered the predominant one. 相似文献
46.
使用光强标定的发射光谱(AOES)测量了CHF3/C6H6混合气体的微波电子回旋共振(ECR)放电等离子体中基团的分布状态。实验发现随着CHF3流量的增加,成膜基团CF、CF2、CH等的相对密度增大,而刻蚀基团F的密度也会增加,从而使得a—C:F薄膜的沉积速率降低。同时红外吸收谱(IR)分析表明,在高CHF3流量下沉积的a—C:F薄膜中含有更高的C—F键成分。可见在a—C:F薄膜的制备中CHF3/(CHF3 C6H6)流量比是重要的控制参量。 相似文献
47.
48.
Cs-K混合蒸气中Cs(8D)+K(4S)碰撞能量转移 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
在Cs-K混合蒸气中,两步激发Cs原子到8D态,观察了Cs(8D) K(4S)→Cs(5D) K(4P)碰撞能量合并逆过程(REP,reverse energy pooling)。应用双调制技术探测K(4P)原子发射的荧光,基态K原子密度用光学吸收方法测量。得到了REP速率系数,讨论了其它过程对速率系数的影响. 相似文献
49.
Toshiyuki MasuiTakanobu Chiga Nobuhito Imanaka Gin-ya Adachi 《Materials Research Bulletin》2003,38(1):17-24
Fine particles of a blue emission phosphor Sr2CeO4 have been synthesized using a chemical co-precipitation technique, and the textual and luminescent properties were compared with the one synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method. Particle size and distribution of the Sr2CeO4 fine powder prepared by the co-precipitation process were smaller and narrower than those obtained by the samples prepared from the conventional one. The emission intensity of the fine particles was equal to that of the larger particles prepared from the solid-state reaction, on the contrary to the general tendency that emission intensity decrease with particle size reduction. Although no Ce3+ peaks were observed in EPR measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectra of the samples clearly elucidated the existence of Ce3+ only on the surface of Sr2CeO4. 相似文献
50.
In order to investigate the reduction mechanism of thioglycolic acid (TG) on the keratin fibers, cross-sectional samples of white human hair treated with TG were prepared. The heterogeneous reaction between TG and keratin fibers involving the diffusion of TG into human hair was analyzed at the molecular level using microspectrophotometry and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The diffusion of TG into human hair clearly increased by increasing the treatment time and by raising pH. The TG relative concentration and the disconnected relative concentration of disulfide (–SS–) groups at various depths of the hair samples with pH 9.0 were in good agreement, indicating that the reaction rate (the disconnection of –SS– groups) was faster than the diffusion rate of TG into human hair. From these experiments, we demonstrated that TG diffuses gradually beyond the cuticle region, and toward the inside of the cortex region along with the disconnection of –SS– groups. 相似文献