Studies on phase separation rate in porous polyimide membrane formation by immersion precipitation

Phase separation rate during porous membrane formation by immersion precipitation was investigated by light scattering in a polyimide/N‐Methylpyrrolidone (NMP)/water system. In the light scattering measurement, plots of scattered intensity against scattered angle showed maxima in all cases, which indicated that phase separation occurred by a spinodal decomposition (SD). Characteristic properties of the early stage of SD, such as an apparent diffusion coefficient D_app and an interphase periodic distance Λ, were obtained. The growth process of Λ was also followed by light scattering. The growth rate had the same tendency as D_app when water content in the nonsolvent bath and the polymer concentration in the cast solution were changed. The pore size of the final membrane increased with decreasing water content, which was opposite to the tendency of Λ growth rate. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 292–296, 2003     

Zn-Al-CO_3水滑石晶粒尺寸控制与光屏蔽作用研究

在旋转液膜反应器中制备成核浆液 ,通过控制晶化温度制备了不同粒径且晶体结构完整的Zn Al CO3水滑石 (LDHs)。将不同粒径的Zn Al CO3LDHs配成质量分数为 0 0 2 %的水分散液 ,测定在紫外 -可见光范围的透过率 ,结果发现 ,随晶化温度的升高 ,LDHs粒径增大 ,样品对紫外及可见光的阻隔作用增强 ;Zn Al CO3LDHs在不同波长下的吸光度与晶体粒子在a轴和c轴方向的尺寸呈线性关系。由外推法求得了Zn Al CO3LDHs对各波长紫外 -可见光产生屏蔽作用的晶粒尺寸阈值。对波长分别为 2 90、3 2 0、40 0、60 0和 80 0nm光波能够产生屏蔽作用的Zn Al CO3LDHs ,其粒子尺寸在a轴方向需分别大于 3 2 92、3 3 77、3 4 77、3 5 5 6、3 5 79nm ;在c轴方向需分别大于 9 73、12 79、16 47、19 3 5、2 0 2 2nm。     

二氧化碳催化加氢研究进展

介绍了近年来由 CO2 催化加氢制取甲醇、烃类、醛类、甲酸和二甲醚等反应的研究进展     

应力分布的光学图像处理研究

玻璃中的应力会损害玻璃制品的寿命,降低产品的性能。为了得到玻璃的应力分布,研究了偏振光干涉的光学图像与材料内部应力分布的关系,分析了在白光照射下的光学图像,利用MATLAB软件中的图像处理工具,对图像进行编程处理,从而得到了玻璃的应力分布图。研究结果表明,彩色图像整体处理结果反映了玻璃的应力分布图,能适用于玻璃应力值的计算,也能帮助技术人员了解玻璃内部应力的分布情况。     

Scaling laws and polystyrene networks: a quasi-elastic light scattering study

Randomly crosslinked networks with a range of crosslink densities were prepared by γ-irradiation. Quasielastic light scattering measurements were made on the gels swollen to equilibrium in cyclohexane at 308, 318 and 333 K. The longitudinal osmotic modulus M_os was obtained from the intensity of the dynamically scattered light, and the cooperative diffusion coefficient D_c calculated from the relaxation rate of the autocorrelation function. The concentration dependence of these parameters at the theta temperature was found to be consistent with the scaling predictions, but at higher temperatures where excluded volume conditions prevail, deviations from scaling behaviour were observed. These discrepancies are probably caused by defects in the network structure.     

利用菱镁石合成轻质碳酸镁工艺及其工业化

利用低品位的菱镁石为原料，采用碳酸法生产工艺合成轻质碳酸镁。将MgO含量≤42％的菱镁石经煅烧、磨矿、消化、过滤、碳化、热解、压滤、干燥、粉碎可得符合国际优级品轻质碳酸镁。通过工业化生产证明，此工艺技术具有投资少、成本低、质量好、效益高等特点。     

Degradation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol in aqueous solution by electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton processes

Degradation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol (PCOC), a refractory toxic chemical emitted to the environment from the industrial production of phenoxy herbicides was studied in aqueous solution. Electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton processes were used as the degradation methods. H₂O₂, produced by the reduction of oxygen at carbon cathode reacted with dissolved metal ions to form hydroxyl radicals, which in turn reacted with PCOC sequentially to degrade the aromatic ring. The effects of using different [Fe²⁺]/[PCOC]₀ and the effect of replacing Fe²⁺ by Mn²⁺ ion have been examined. It was found that degradation rate was increased with increasing [Fe²⁺]/[PCOC]₀ ratio from 2 to 4. However, the total charge utilized during the treatment was also increased. The efficiency of PCOC degradation was observed to be higher when Mn²⁺ was used as the catalyst. The mineralization of aqueous solutions of PCOC, withdrawn from the reactor at certain time interval, has been followed by total organic carbon (TOC) decay and dechlorination. A fast and complete degradation of the aromatic ring was achieved in photoelectro-Fenton system. 41.7% TOC decay and complete dechlorination were observed by consuming only 141.4 C electrical charge during a 300 min photoelectron-Fenton treatment. In the case of electro-Fenton system, 280.7 C electrical charge was consumed during 450 min of electrolysis to attain a similar degradation of PCOC. 14.9% TOC removal and 89.3% dechlorination have been obtained in this system under the applied conditions.     

Fe掺杂A-TiO_2在溴甲酚绿中的可见光催化活性及动力学

以FeCl_3·6H_2O为Fe源,采用水热法制备了Fe掺杂锐钛型TiO_2(A-Ti O2)光催化剂。以溴甲酚绿为降解对象,考察溴甲酚绿的初始浓度、催化剂用量、掺Fe量等因素对自制催化剂可见光催化降解反应的动力学方程的影响。结果表明:在40 W白炽灯照射下,当溴甲酚绿初始浓度为10 mg/L(pH=7)、催化剂的用量为0.6 g/L、掺Fe量为4%(摩尔分数)、室温下反应时间为3 h时,溴甲酚绿的降解率最大为76.05%。溴甲酚绿光催化降解曲线符合一级反应动力学方程,于上述最佳条件下其表观反应速率常数k达到最大值,为0.389 7 h-1。     

一种电梯光幕保护系统的设计

介绍了光幕的组成和工作原理,剖析其优缺点。结合国标GB7588-2003对电梯门保护装置的要求,我们的光幕保护硬件系统是在电梯控制系统层面上设计的,而软件系统则最大限度地发挥光幕的优点,减少其缺点对电梯运行的影响。     

Synthesis,characterization, and optoelectronic properties of two new polyfluorenes/poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s copolymers

Two novel copolymers of polyfluorenes/poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s copolymers with p‐tert‐butyl‐phenylenemethylene groups in the C‐9 position of alternating fluorene unit, poly[1,4‐(2,5‐dibutyloxyl)‐phenyleneviny lene‐alt‐9‐(p‐tert‐butyl‐phenylenemethylene)fluorene] and poly[1,4‐(2,5‐dioctyloxyl)‐phenylenevinylene‐alt‐9‐(p‐tert‐butyl‐phenylenemethylene)fluorine], have been synthesized via the Heck polycondensation reaction. The synthesized polymers were characterized by FTIR, NMR, DSC, TGA, UV–vis, and PL spectra. The polymers showed high glass transition temperatures and good thermal stability. A polymer light‐emitting diode with the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P2/Ca/Al has been fabricated. The device emitted a yellow light with a peak wavelength of 578 nm similar to the PL spectra of the copolymer film. A maximal luminance of 534 cd/m² was obtained at a driving voltage of 24.5 V. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3955–3962, 2006