Alginate-Coated Alginate-Polyethyleneimine Beads for Prolonged Release of Furosemide in Simulated Intestinal Fluid

Furosemide-loaded calcium alginate (ALG), calcium alginate-polyethyleneimine (ALG-PEI) and alginate-coated ALG-PEI (ALG-PEI-ALG) beads were prepared by ionotropic/polyelectrolyte complexation method to achieve controlled release of the drug. Effects of several formulation factors on the characteristics of the beads were investigated. Although variation in formulation factors did not influence the drug-loading efficiency (DLE) of ALG beads, rapid release of the drug in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) could not be prevented. PEI treatment of ALG beads, however, prolonged the drug release considerably. Ionic interaction, as appeared from FTIR studies, between alginate and PEI led to the formation of polyelectrolyte complex membrane, the thickness of which was dependent on the conditions of PEI treatment as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The membrane acted as a physical barrier to drug release from ALG-PEI beads. Alginate coating of ALG-PEI beads further prolonged the release of the drug by increasing membrane thickness and reducing swelling of the beads possibly by blocking the surface pores. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study indicated that drug was not degraded by PEI treatment. The release data from ALG-PEI beads showed a good fit in power law expression, whereas the release data from ALG-PEI-ALG beads were found to fit in modified power law expression, and the mechanism of drug release changed from super case II transport to nearly Fickian transport, depending on the degree of gelation and formation of polyelectrolyte complex membrane.     

Extended Release of Theophylline Through Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Beads: Effect of Glycerol on Entrapment Efficiency,Drug Release

Theophylline is the most useful bronchodilators for the treatment of severe reversible bronchospasm. The fluctuations of serum theophylline level in clinical practice and associated central nervous system side effects necessitate the development of an extended release formulation. In the present study, theophylline-loaded beads were prepared by extruding the dispersion of theophylline, sodium alginate, and glycerol into the cationic crosslinking solution of calcium chloride. The effect of the addition of glycerol was determined by entrapment efficiency, drug release, and morphology of beads. Absence of chemical interaction between drug, polymer, and counterions after production of beads was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Theophylline entrapment of up to 72% was achieved in beads with almost spherical shape and size ranging from 0.67 to 1.12 mm. Percentage entrapment of theophylline found to be more and release was extended up to the eleventh hour from the glycerol containing sodium alginate beads. Hence, sodium alginate glycerol beads could represent a promising oral drug delivery system to extend the release of theophylline.     

Mixing and enzyme reactions in a microchannel packed with glass beads

Mixing behavior in a microchannel was investigated by means of a spectrophotometer equipped with optical fiber probes. Microreactors with a Y-shaped channel were fabricated on poly(methyl methacrylate) substrates. Glass beads were packed in the intersection and the downstream regions to improve mixing performance. An NaOH solution and a BTB solution as a pH indicator were fed to the microchannel with a syringe pump. As the mixing progressed, the color of the mixed solution changed to blue. The degree of mixing was evaluated by the change in absorbance at 623 nm of the mixing solution. The packed glass beads strongly enhanced the mixing performance in the microchannels, especially in the case of packing in the intersection. The effect of mixing in the microchannel on an enzyme reaction was also investigated. The hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-\-D-galactopyranoside by \-galactosidase was used as a model reaction. The results showed that the enzyme reaction was enhanced in the microreactor with glass beads compared with a batch reactor. The microreactor packed with glass beads gave the highest reaction rate.     

亚细胞器分离纯化技术的发展

本文就亚细胞器分离纯化的传统方式———密度梯度离心 ,以及新方法———亲和纯化 ,特别是免疫磁珠纯化技术进行概述和评价 ,并进一步表明两种提取方法相结合 ,更有利于同时满足产量、纯度两方面的要求。     

彩色回归反射织物的涂层工艺条件的研究

采用回归反射织物的方法,通过大量实验确定了粘合剂与玻璃微珠用量的最佳配比和涂层最佳厚度;并讨论了摩擦、皂洗、刷洗对反射性能的影响。     

SENSITIVE AND RAPID DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 IN GROUND BEEF BY NESTED PCR INCORPORATING IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION

A protocol for detection of low numbers of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef by nested PCR incorporating immunomagnetic separation (IMS) was developed. The protocol enabled detection of 24 colony-forming-units (CFU) in 10 g of seeded ground beef without enrichment cultivation. Differential centrifugation was used for maximally recovering the target CFU. Partial digestion of the resulting cell pellet with proteinase K at 37°C was used for the removal of beef tissue, which was required for the proper function of IMS. Within the range of 24 to 2400 CFU/10 g, a log linear relationship between the numbers of inoculated CFU and the integrated intensity of the nested PCR products was obtained with both shiga-like toxin (SLT) 1 and 2 primer pairs.     

磁珠分离式样品提取微流控芯片的磁珠运动速度建模及特性研究

为提高磁珠分离式生物医学样品的提取效率,采用永磁和软磁体相结合的磁场设计结构,提出一种新型磁珠分离式样品提取微流控芯片。利用静磁学和流体力学基本原理推导出流场中磁珠运动的速度模型,通过多物理场耦合仿真软件对流场中磁珠运动规律进行瞬态仿真,分析软磁体的结构和分布对微流道内磁珠的水平分速度以及竖直分速度的影响关系,计算不同设计结构所允许的磁珠完全吸附时微流道中最大允许流量。结果表明,增大软磁体的厚度可以快速减小磁珠水平运动的速度,并减小其在垂直方向上的波动,且在双软磁体作用时,软磁体的间距越大,水平方向和垂直方向的速度波动越大;间距越小,磁珠粒子速度稳定的时间越短。