小生境遗传算法AVOA反演

采用具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性(HTI)模型研究裂缝性油气藏,P波振幅随炮检距和方位角变化(AVOA),表现出较强的方位各向异性特征。本文基于Ruger提出的HTI介质模型的P波反射系数公式,利用由基准测线和另外两条与之呈45°、90°测线的P波反射系数的相对差异估算裂缝方位;同时引入小生境遗传算法,对基准测线和与之呈90°测线的P波反射系数差进行反演,得到了较高精度的纵、横波波速比和Thomsen各向异性参数。     

套管井声波成像测井资料的采集与应用

过套管利用偶极子声波成像测量获得地层横波资料，在理论上讲是可行的。但此项目不仅国内测井公司未进行过现场作业，就连美国哈里伯顿公司也没有此项目的现场作业经验。新疆测井公司通过认真制订测井方案，克服了各种困难，首次顺利获得了优质的地层横渡资料，开创了测井技术史上在套管井中获得横波资料的先例。     

Crack redirection with thermal secondary loading

In the current paper crack redirection due to a strategic placing of a heat source in the vicinity of a crack tip is studied. Analysis suggests that for PMMA and considered temperature range the only factor responsible for the deviation of crack trajectory is thermal stress. The simulation of crack growth in PMMA under external tension and secondary heat loading shows that a moving heat source in the vicinity of a crack tip can serve as a pointer for the crack trajectory. In highly conductive materials, redirection can be possibly effected with low-power thermal dipoles.     

Bruchanalyse an Hohlgläsern

Failure analysis of hollow glasses The failure analysis is very important to clarify damages of hollow glasses. Damages of glass bottle through over pressure are very often linked with damages to persons. This is the reason why the causal research is from particular importance. Different surface characteristics of glass fragments as well as the fracture pattern give hints to the direction of the crack, the stress just before breakage and the reason of stress. A reconstruction of the bottle is a further helpful instrument for cause studies. The difference of the various characteristics of the surface will be explained. Further on there will be discussed different reasons and mechanism of fracture.     

致密砂岩储集层裂缝综合录井识别技术研究

四川盆地油气勘探结果表明，盆地油气储集层普遍为致密砂岩非常规储集层，有效性主要取决于孔、洞、缝发育程度，因此在油气钻井中如何识别致密储集层的孔、洞、缝并确定其所在井段尤其重要。针对综合录井仪的0．1m钻时及相关参数的资料采集技术要求，通过对大量录井数据资料的统计和演算，建立起储集层裂缝发育程度及裂缝发育位置的3种储集层裂缝识别模型，即直接识别模型、地层可钻性（A值）识别模型、钻时回归（RWSR）值识别模型。系统阐述了致密砂岩储集层裂缝综合录井识别技术方法原理，详细介绍了致密砂岩储集层裂缝识别的3个模型在实际生产中的应用情况。该技术方法的研究在国内尚属首次，为油气勘探中储集层评价提供了一个新的方法和手段，可最大限度地发挥现代录井技术在油气勘探开发过程中的作用。     

Probabilistic cell modelling of cleavage fracture

Various aspects on probabilistic modelling of cleavage fracture are discussed. The investigation involves consideration of a unit cell with an explicitly modelled void. The results from this model are compared with results for the case when the void content is accounted for in the sense of a Gurson-Tvergaard law. It is found that explicit modelling of the void can give substantially different results for the fracture probability. The effect depends on the exponent in the assumed Weibull distribution, the threshold stress, the constraint conditions and the hardening of the material. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of Lateral Cracks on Fracture Toughness Determined by the Surface-Crack-in-Flexure Method

The surface-crack-in-flexure (SCF) method uses a Knoop indenter to create small, semielliptical surface precracks in beam specimens. Lateral cracks may interfere with the primary median crack and cause errors of up to 10% in determination of fracture toughness, particularly for materials for which the fracture toughness is ∼3 MPa·m^1/2 or less. Although the residual-stress-damage zone is ground or polished away by hand by removing 4.5–5 times the indentation depth, this amount may not be sufficient to completely remove the lateral cracks in low-fracture-toughness materials. A series of tests were conducted on sintered alpha silicon carbide with different amounts of material removed after indentation. Once the lateral cracks were fully removed, the SCF results concurred with single-edged-precracked-beam and chevron-notched-beam data collected in accordance with ASTM Designation C1421. A simple remedy for the SCF method is to examine the outer ground surface for remnants of lateral cracks before fracture and to remove more material if necessary.     

SiCf/O′-SiAlON composite: properties and oxidation retained properties

A composite of O′SiAlON (Si_2-xAl_xN_2-xO_1+x, with x 0.14) reinforced with 20 vol.% SiC monofilaments was fabricated by hot-pressing, at 1600°C, for 2 h under 34 MPa pressure. The mechanical and interfacial properties of the composites, as-fabricated as well as post-oxidized, were, investigated. The composite exhibited a significant improvement in ultimate flexure strength (640 MPa) and work of fracture (42 kJ m⁻²) compared with that (350 MPa and 1.8 kJ m⁻², respectively) of the monolithic material. These mechanical properties were slightly increased after the composite was heat treated for 24 h in air at 1200 and 1300°C. However, the composite exhibited a significant degradation in ultimate strength, while the work of fracture (WOF) remained unchanged after exposure in air at temperatures beyond 1400°C. The as-fabricated composite revealed a low interfacial shear strength (6.2 MPa) and a frictional sliding stress (3.2 MPa). After the composite was oxidized at elevated temperatures, the interfacial bonding and sliding stresses were reduced to noticeable extents, resulting from the degradation of the carbon coating layer of the SiC monofilaments.     

Influence of water and accelerated aging on the shear fracture properties of glass/epoxy composite

The degradation of interlaminar shear strength and shear fracture toughness of glass/epoxy composites due to uptake of distilled water and sea water has been studied. The composites were immersed in water for up to eight months at temperatures up to 70 °C. Unreinforced matrix resin samples were also immersed for periods up to 2 years. Sea water was absorbed less rapidly than distilled water. Weight gains below 1% did not influence the shear strength while higher weight gains reduced shear strength up to 25%. The loss in apparent interlaminar shear strength was uniquely related to specimen weight gain. Mode II fracture toughness, G _IIc, also decreased with increasing immersion time after an initial incubation period, but the accelerated tests were found to reduce G _IIc less than the room temperature tests at comparable weight gains.     

New unified laws in fatigue: From the Wöhler’s to the Paris’ regime

Generalizations and unification of the celebrated Paris’ and Wöhler’s laws for fatigue crack propagation are derived by applying the recently developed quantized (or finite) fracture mechanics. In particular, three generalized Paris’, Wöhler’s or unified laws are proposed and compared, demonstrating their applicability for predicting the life time of structures containing from small (the Wöhler’s regime) to large (the Paris’ regime) propagating fatigue cracks.