新型氮杂2-β-萘基苯并噁唑分子设计及其电子结构

为寻找可能的具有特殊性能的新型苯并(口恶)唑类分子材料,在取得对2-β-萘基苯并唑分子进行实验研究和理论分析结果一致的基础上,设计了一系列新型氮杂目标分子,用Hyperchem程序中的分子力学MM+方法对分子进行了优化,得到平面共轭几何构型. 用PPP-SCF-CI方法,对设计分子的电子结构进行了较为详细的探究. 结果表明,分子体系π电子总能量随氮杂原子引入数量呈线性下降. 在苯并唑环与萘环引入单氮杂原子后,FMO能级差显示相反效应. 多氮杂原子引入不同位置后,FMO能级差极值点两极分化,至5氮杂化达到极限. 结合其它电子结构信息,最终筛选出一些特性材料分子.     

浅析企业发展中广告与CI的作用及关系

广告和CI作为一种信息和视觉传递形式,在对现代企业的发展中起着重要作用。这已经是无可非议的事实了。文章首先叙述广告和CI的概念,以及两者分别对现代企业发展的作用,然后分析两者之间的不同点、相同点以及相辅相成的关系,充分注意两者之间相互促进、相互强化、而又相互制约,共同为企业的发展发挥巨大作用。     

CIS设计的系统论

通过对CIS中MI、BI、VI的研究,分析三者的联系,并通过举例,提出了企业形象设计系统论的理念.CIS系统论能够更好地对其办公系统、生产系统、管理系统,以及营销、包装、广告等系统形象形成规范化设计和规范化管理.通过一体化的符号形式来划分企业的责任和义务,使企业经营在各职能部门中能有效地运作,建立其企业与众不同的个性形象,使企业产品与其他同类产品区别开来,在同行中脱颖而出,迅速有效地帮助企业创造出名牌效应,占有市场.     

对中国计算机事业发展的若干思考

给出了１９９８年在上海交通大学举行的第７届全国青年计算机学术会议上青年计算机学者提出的一些当前中国计算机领域面临的问题以及对策。     

提高我厂改性沥青感温性能指数

针对我厂改性沥青感温性能指数不达标的原因，用SBS聚合物的改性沥青机理和相分离机理进行了分析，提出了改进措施，并在生产中进行了验证，提高了感温性能指数。     

Durability testing modified compression ignition engines fueled with straight plant oil

Many short-run studies point to the potential for direct fueling of compression ignition engines with plant oil fuels. There is a much smaller body of work that examines the potential for these fuels in long-run tests that illuminate engine endurance and longevity issues. Generally, longevity studies involving direct fueling of engines with straight plant oils have shown significant impact to the life of the engine, though test results vary widely depending on the oil, engine type, test conditions, and measurement approach. This study utilizes a previously designed modification kit [1] to investigate the longevity implications of directly fueling straight plant oil in an indirect injection (IDI) listeroid type, slow speed stationary engine common in agro-processing applications in developing countries. Specifically this study focuses on the lubrication oil by developing a model to characterize the engine wear and estimate lube oil change frequency. The model is extended to an analysis of the piston rings. Cylinder liner wear, emissions, engine performance, and a visual investigation of several critical engine components are also studied.     

Analytical investigations concerning the wear behaviour of cutting tools used for the machining of compacted graphite iron and grey cast iron

Compacted graphite iron (CGI) is the material for the upcoming new generation of high-power diesel engines. Due to its increased strength compared to grey cast iron (CI) it allows an increase in the cylinder-pressures and therefore a better fuel economy and a higher power output are possible. First examples of such engines are the 3.3 L Audi V8 TDI and the 4.0 L BMW V8. The reason why CGI is not used to a larger extent in large scale production up to now is its much more difficult machinability as compared to conventional CI, especially at high cutting speeds. In modern transfer lines high cutting speeds are used in the cylinder-boring operation. And especially in these continuous cutting operations the tool life decreased due to the change from CI to CGI by about a factor of 20. As was found out previously by us, the difference in tool lifetime can be explained by the formation of a MnS-layer on the tool surface in the case of CI. This layer cannot form when machining CGI because the formation of MnS-inclusions is not possible in this material due to the higher magnesium content which in turn is responsible for the formation of the graphite vermicles. The MnS-layer acts as a lubricant and prevents the adhesion of workpiece particles. This is the reason for the greatly reduced wear of CI in high speed machining operations. This MnS-layer is inspected closer by X-ray diffraction, X-ray induced photoelectron spectrometry, atomic force microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry in this work. Furthermore, available information on the performance of MnS as lubricant in PM-steels is comparatively discussed. This knowledge led to an economic solution of high productivity machining of CGI. The key was to reduce the cutting speed, replacing single insert tools with multiple insert tools. This allowed to increase the feed rate. By increasing the feed rate in the same amount as decreasing the cutting speed, the same productivity can be realized. This concept is leading to a number of multiple insert tools thus realizing a high productivity machining of CGI cylinder-bores with multi-layer-coated carbide tools.     

A rigorous small area modelling-study for the helicobacter pylori epidemiology

This paper presents an investigation into spatial risk differences over small distances for the Helicobacter pylori infection in the city of Leipzig, Germany and two rural districts. A model, using Bayesian inference, was developed that adjusts the risk for individual-specific factors, and for spatial or individual over-dispersion, respectively. Additionally, the model takes into account conditional spatial autocorrelation. We found a significant positive association to the H. pylori infection risk for: “more than three children live in the household” (OR = 2.4, p = 0.001), “more persons live per sq.m than average” (OR = 1.4, p = 0.03), “home situated at main road” (OR = 1.4, p = 0.04) and “using well water” (OR = 2.3, p = 0.05). A protective effect was identified for “travelled to low prevalence region” (OR = 0.4, p < 0.0001) and “born in Germany” (OR = 0.2, p < 0.0001). Three administrative areas with significantly increased spatial risk were identified: one in the rural district and two in the city of Leipzig. The model explained 24.9% of the total deviance. Contrary to expectations, the largest part of deviance of the data was not explained by the identified significant risk factors, but by individual-specific heterogeneities. We conclude that further - so far not discussed - factors influence the risk and the spatial variation of the H.pylori infection. Furthermore, from the results we speculate about a possible impact of long-time air pollution and surface water.     

Community response to environmental noise and the impact on cardiovascular risk score

Objective

The objective of our study was to investigate and evaluate the relationship between road traffic noise and cardiovascular risk.

Methods

The study sample (n = 659; 36.9% male, 63.1% female university students, mean age 22.83 ± 1.58 years) included a group exposed to road traffic noise (n = 280, L_eq,24 h = 67 ± 2 dB(A)) and a control group (n = 379, L_eq,24 h = 58.7 ± 6 dB(A)). Subjective response was determined by a validated noise annoyance questionnaire. The ten year risk of developing a coronary heart disease event was quantified as an evaluation of cardiovascular risk (SCORE60, Framingham 10-year risk estimation and projection to the age of 60, relative risk SCORE chart).

Results

Cardiovascular risk scores were significantly higher in the exposed group based on the Framingham scores projected to the age of 60, SCORE60 (AOR = 2.72 (95% CI = 1.21-6.15)) and the relative risk SCORE chart (AOR = 2.81 (1.46-5.41)).

Conclusions

These findings highlight the association between road traffic noise and cardiovascular risk.     

The relationship between particulate air pollution and emergency hospital visits for hypertension in Beijing, China

Background

A number of epidemiological studies have examined the adverse effect of air pollution on mortality and morbidity. Also, several studies have investigated the associations between air pollution and specific-cause diseases including arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. However, little is known about the relationship between air pollution and the onset of hypertension.

Objective

To explore the risk effect of particulate matter air pollution on the emergency hospital visits (EHVs) for hypertension in Beijing, China.

Methods

We gathered data on daily EHVs for hypertension, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide in Beijing, China during 2007. A time-stratified case-crossover design with distributed lag model was used to evaluate associations between ambient air pollutants and hypertension. Daily mean temperature and relative humidity were controlled in all models.

Results

There were 1,491 EHVs for hypertension during the study period. In single pollutant models, an increase in 10 μg/m³ in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was associated with EHVs for hypertension with odds ratios (overall effect of five days) of 1.084 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.028, 1.139) and 1.060% (95% CI: 1.020, 1.101), respectively.

Conclusion

Elevated levels of ambient particulate matters are associated with an increase in EHVs for hypertension in Beijing, China.