基于振动信号的水电机组状态劣化在线评估方法研究

实现水电机组状态劣化评估和故障预警是行业研究的热点。论文提出了一种结合时域与频域特征的机组劣化在线评估方法。(1)先利用检测指数确定振动信号中对机组运行状态最为敏感的时域特征;再以机组健康状态下工况参数X(水头、开度等)和检测指数筛选的振动信号时域特征Y为健康样本,利用最小二乘支持向量机构建机组状态健康模型Y=f(X)。基于该模型,以实时工况参数为输入,在线预测对应工况下机组振动信号时域特征健康值,计算健康值与实际值之间的相对误差,作为评估机组劣化程度的时域劣化指标。(2)利用小波变换与奇异值理论对振动信号进行分解,提取健康状态下机组振动信号奇异值特征向量并得到健康聚类中心,实时计算实测信号奇异值特征向量与健康聚类中心之间的相对欧式距离,作为频域劣化指标。结合时域和频域劣化指标,在线计算综合劣化指标评估当前时刻机组劣化程度。结合实际机组运行案例,验证了该模型的有效性和实用性。     

河道生态基流生态经济价值及其时间变化研究

为了解决普遍采用单方水资源价值计算河道生态基流价值的缺陷,以及探索河道生态基流价值定量化计算新方法,采用水力学方法将河道生态基流从径流量中分离出来,并确定河道生态基流对应水面面积,进而采用当量因子法计算河道生态基流价值和并探索分析了河道生态基流价值的时间变化特征。以渭河干流宝鸡段为例进行研究,结果表明:渭河干流宝鸡段的丰水年、平水年以及枯水年的年平均河道生态基流量分别为5.82 m~3/s、3.59 m~3/s和2.76 m~3/s。近21 a来,该段河道生态基流价值在时间上总体呈下降趋势,该价值多年平均值为5.61亿元,单方河道生态基流价值为6.27元/m~3,单方价值与价值总量变化趋势相反。河道生态基流价值年内变化具有明显的周期性,总体呈倒"V"字型,汛期河道生态基流价值比非汛期大,单方河道生态基流价值与之相反。通过相同区域以及相近区域的河道生态基流价值研究成果以及价值变化特征的对比分析,证明研究成果较为合理。该方法可为河道生态基流合理保障提供定量化依据。     

Arnold置乱在零水印中的二次复用

为了提高水印的鲁棒性和减小对应版权信息的大小,本文提出了一种基于Arnold变换、DWT和SVD的零水印算法。该算法将载体图像进行DWT变换,对低频子带进行分块SVD;比较置乱后的最大奇异值的大小,若大于则对应位为1,否则为0;将结果与预处理过的水印做异或运算,得密钥矩阵。该矩阵为检测水印提供密钥。实验证明,本算法对图像压缩、滤波、模糊、噪声及脏图具有良好的鲁棒性。     

Blind estimation of the PN sequence in lower SNR DS-SS signals with residual carrier

This paper presents a method of singular value decomposition (SVD) plus digital phase lock loop (DPLL) to solve the difficult problem of blind pseudo-noise (PN) sequence estimation in low signal to noise ratios (SNR) direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS, DS) signals with residual carrier. Of course, the method needs to know the parameters of DS signal, such as the period and code rate of PN sequence. Firstly, the received signal is sampled and divided into non-overlapping signal vectors according to a temporal window, whose duration is two periods of PN sequence. Then, an autocorrelation matrix is computed and accumulated by the signal vectors one by one. The PN sequence with residual carrier can be estimated by the principal eigenvector of this autocorrelation matrix. Furthermore, a DPLL is used to deal with the estimated PN sequence with residual carrier, it estimates and tracks the residual carrier, removes the residual carrier in the end. Theory analysis and computer simulation results show that this method can effectively realize the PN sequence estimation from the input DS signals with residual carrier in lower SNR.     

A balanced solution of a fuzzy soft set based decision making problem in medical science

The purpose of this paper is two folded. Firstly, the concept of mean potentiality approach (MPA) has been developed and an algorithm based on this new approach has been proposed to get a balanced solution of a fuzzy soft set based decision making problem. Secondly, a parameter reduction procedure based on relational algebra with the help of the balanced algorithm of mean potentiality approach has been used to reduce the choice parameter set in the parlance of fuzzy soft set theory and it is justified to the problems of diagnosis of a disease from the myriad of symptoms from medical science. Moreover the feasibility of this proposed method is demonstrated by comparing with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Naive Bayes classification method and Feng's method.     

Equations of state for hard-sphere fluids

Equations of state and contact values of hard-sphere radial distribution functions (rdf's) which are given by a linear combination of the Percus— Yevick and scaled-particle virial expressions are considered. In the one-component case the mixing coefficient() is, in general, a function of the volume fraction. In mixtures the coefficient( _i ,d _i ), in general, depends upon the volume fraction _i , and diameterd _i , of each species,i andj. For the contact valuesY _ij of the rdf's, the mixing coefficients _ij ( _k ) also depend on speciesi andj. Density expansions for the exact for the one-component hard-sphere fluid are obtained and compared with several approximations made in earlier works and in our own work, as well as with simulations. For a mixture, it turns out that one cannot obtain the exact fourth virial coefficient by using a linear combination of the Percus-Yevick and scaled-particle virial expressions forY _ij unless one allows _ij to depend on mole fractionsx _i even at the zeroth order of its density expansion. We also find that _ij must depend on particle speciesi andj in order to satisfy the exact limits obtained earlier by Sung and Stell. A new equation of state for the binary hard-sphere mixture which satisfies all the exact limits we have considered is suggested.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

SVD域的图像高斯噪声强度估计

精确估计图像或视频中的噪声强度对于后续的信号处理是至关重要的先决条件。通过对含噪图像的奇异值特性的研究,提出一种精确的SVD域的图像噪声强度估计算法。该算法对噪声强度估计提出了创新的解决方法:1)利用奇异值的尾部数据进行噪声强度估计,这样达到尽可能地降低图像信息对噪声估计的干扰;2)对含噪图像加入已知强度的高斯白噪声,以计算噪声估计时需要设置的与图像内容相关的参数,因此该算法可以自适应图像的结构,能够广泛地适应各种类型的图片。实验结果表明SVD域噪声强度估计算法适用于各种图片类型,而且在极大的噪声强度范围内都能够稳定精确地估计噪声强度。     

自适应的有效非局部图像滤波

研究了基于预选择的非局部均值滤波方法,并指出已有方法在提取图像子块特征方面的不足,利用梯度域奇异值分解(SVD) 提出一种自适应的有效非局部滤波方法。该方法对基于预选择的非局部滤波方法的贡献主要有:1)是一种基于图像子块结构特征的鲁棒预选择方法;2)研究了相似集大小与滤波性能的关系;3)相似子块的自动选取;4)提出一种局部自适应的滤波参数选取方法,根据图像局部内容的不同确定滤波参数。此外,利用欧氏距离的对称性进一步提高运行速度。实验结果表明:本文方法滤波后的图像在主客观方面都优于原算法和其他快速方法,且运行速度较快,是一种有效的滤波方法。     

基于等效陀螺的捷联惯导快速两位置对准仿真

研究优化惯导系统的可观性能,提高捷联惯导两位置对准的速度,有助于提高导航的准确性和快速性,将水平速度误差和等效陀螺误差作为系统观测量,提出采用静基座下快速两位置对准的新方法.在常规对准方法的基础上,建立了引入陀螺信息的观测方程,用奇异值分解方法分析了新系统可观测性,推出了第一位置可观测量的最优估计及估计误差.根据状态快速收敛的特性,提出采用PCWS方法,对加速度计和陀螺进行了有效的标定,并进行了仿真,结果证明方法有效提高加快了两位置对准的速度,能充分利用陀螺信息,有效提高了惯导系统的可观测性,缩短对准时间,具有重要的参考价值.     

多系列铸铁光电发射光谱标准样品的研制

采用中频炉熔炼，用自行设计的多孔隔离式金属型和独特的补缩和浇注系统及临界激冷工艺进行浇铸，成功地研制出了带有高低标的铸铁系列多元素光电光谱分析标样。对标样的白口化程度、均匀性、呈线性分布及分析精度等进行了检测并得出可行性结论。