B+级铸钢材料的研制

通过合理的优化合金成分、并配合合适的热处理工艺,成功开发了B+级铸钢,并对B+级铸钢热处理工艺、低温性能、铸造工艺性能、裂纹尖端张开位移CTOD及疲劳性能进行了研究。研制的B+级铸钢完全符合AAR-M-201标准的要求。     

热处理工艺对新型R5系泊链钢组织和断裂韧性的影响

采用裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)实验方法对研究了不同热处理工艺对新型R5系泊链钢断裂韧性的影响,使用偏光显微镜、光学显微镜和扫描电镜等对CTOD试样裂纹扩展区组织及断口形貌进行分析,并用高低温材料试验机测试了R5系泊链钢低温-20℃下的力学性能。结果表明,回火温度对R5系泊链钢CTOD断裂韧性有显著影响。在570~600℃范围内回火,组织保留马氏体位向,碳化物呈片状及长条状不均匀分布在原奥氏体晶界、马氏体板条界及板条内部,应力作用下容易导致局部应力集中,裂纹扩展速率大,CTOD特征值接近零。随回火温度升高,在600~690℃范围内回火,碳化物逐渐聚集、球化并在基体中弥散均匀分布,应力作用下不易引起局部应力集中,并且在裂纹扩展时可使裂纹扩展方向发生偏转,裂纹扩展路径延长,裂纹扩展受到抑制,CTOD特征值随回火温度升高不断增大。经950℃淬火+630~660℃区间回火,R5系泊链钢同时具有高强度和良好的CTOD断裂韧性。     

Fracture toughness and microstructure of 780 MPa class high-tensile strength steel plates: improvement of steel structural performance by laser beam welding for mid-thick section steel plate

Fracture toughness and microstructure of laser weld metal of 780 MPa class steels are investigated and compared with those of SM490A and SM570Q.

In SM490A and SM570Q, Charpy energy transition temperature of laser weld metals is 60–90°C higher than that of base metal, and upper bainite microstructures are observed in the laser weld metals.

In 780 MPa class steels, difference of Charpy energy transition temperatures between laser weld metal and base metal are only 10–30°C, and no upper bainite microstructures are observed in the laser weld metals. Hardness of the laser weld metals of 780 MPa class steels is identical to that of martensite microstructure. A superior toughness of the laser weld metal of 780 MPa class steels would be owing to the martensite microstructure resulted from a high carbon equivalent.     

Analysis of the geometry dependence of fracture toughness at cracking initiation by comparison of circumferentially cracked round bars and SENB tests on Copper

In the first part of the paper, the use of circumferentially cracked round bars (CRB geometry) for characterizing fracture toughness of a ductile material, namely copper, is assessed experimentally through a comparison with the single edge notched bend (SENB) geometry. The J_R curve method with multiple-specimens was applied, but, as unstable cracking appeared very early in the CRB specimen, an engineering definition of fracture toughness was not pertinent. Unloaded specimens were analyzed metallographically to determine the CTOD at physical cracking initiation. The fracture toughness measured using the CRB geometry was 50% larger than using the SENB geometry. The second part of the paper aims at justifying this difference of fracture toughness at cracking initiation. Finite element simulations revealed a slightly higher constraint in the SENB specimens. The main difference between the two specimen geometries lies in a 50% larger extension of the finite strain zone with respect to the CTOD in the case of the SENB specimens. Based on the observation that, in the studied material, the critical CTOD is one order of magnitude larger than the void spacing, we conclude that the geometry dependence of the fracture toughness is caused by the difference in the finite strain zone extension rather than by a stress triaxiality effect.     

A crack tip blunting analysis in the ductile-to-brittle transition of a structural steel

The J -integral versus crack growth resistance curves ( J – R curves) of an AE-460 structural steel were evaluated at different temperatures in the ductile-to-brittle transition region. This curve as well as the critical J _I value at the initiation of crack growth was found to be independent of temperature, being dependent only on the stress triaxiality state of the specimen.
The blunting expressions described in the ASTM and ESIS standards were evaluated using fractographic techniques. The ESIS blunting line fits the linear regression of the experimental results very well, while the blunting line predicted by the ASTM standard is clearly located below the experimental points.     

高韧性TM13埋弧焊丝的研制

通过对合金成分的优化设计,得出了一种Ni3系TM13埋弧焊丝. 用TM13焊丝匹配高碱度烧结焊剂TMF105进行了熔敷试验、厚板对接试验、扩散氢和抗裂性试验. 结果表明,熔敷金属显微组织主要由针状铁素体、先共析铁素体和侧板条铁素体组成;TM13焊丝匹配TMF105焊剂可以获得具有良好CTOD断裂韧性的厚板焊接接头;并且所研制的TM13焊丝对热输入的适应性很好,热输入在22~36 kJ/cm之间变化时,熔敷金属都具有优良的低温韧性.     

考虑裂纹扩展的CTOD塑性分量计算

针对现行CTOD测试标准中考虑裂纹扩展时的CTOD塑性分量(δp)计算式量纲不一致的问题,基于塑性铰链模型和三角形相似原理对δp计算式进行了推导,更正了现行标准中关于裂纹扩展后CTOD塑性分量计算式的错误,并对该错误产生的测试误差进行了分析.     

港深西部通道钢箱梁低温CTOD试验

为有效控制大型钢箱梁焊接接头质量,运用裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)试验技术,按英国BS7448标准,对焊接接头进行低温(-20℃)韧性测定。评定了两种拟用焊接工艺:自动埋弧焊和手工电弧焊工艺,解决了港深西部通道后海湾大桥钢箱梁焊接接头韧性控制这个关键技术问题。介绍了CTOD的概念、试验方法、钢箱梁的低温CTOD试验过程及其结果。     

焊接接头强度组配对CTOD的影响

利用模拟焊接接头试样三点弯曲试验的方法,就焊接接头强度组配对其断裂性能的影响进行了研究。发现不同的焊接接头强度组配对其断裂韧性和裂纹扩展驱动力有不同程度的影响,在考虑强度组配对焊接接头的断裂性能的影响时,必须从材料的断裂韧性变化和裂纹扩展驱动力变化的两个方面来考虑。