新中式家具造型设计影响因素分析

以新中式家具造型为研究对象,分析了影响家具造型设计的主要因素,并剖析其与家具造型之间的关系.提出在新中式家具造型设计中只有根据时代发展了解家具自身功能、材料、技术因素,满足使用者心理生理需求,遵循家具与环境和谐统一原则,才能设计出既有时代感,又具典型传统家具造型特征的新中式家具.     

长少市板木家具市场研究

板木家具是家具市场新兴的品类,至今有关它的定义还没有一个权威的界定,笔者综合高校与企业相关专家的建议,并参照《木家具通用技术条件》规定,探讨其概念,并对其在长沙市的销售情况,存在的问题,以及发展趋势进行分析。希望能为企业以及消费者提供一些理论依据。     

福建闽中民居室内装饰艺术初探-以彩映庚之过厅、天井及正厅为例

福建闽中民居作为中国传统民居的分支,除拥有绝妙的建筑装饰外,其室内亦蕴藏着深厚的传统装饰艺术文化.本文以福建闽中民居彩映庚为例,通过对彩映庚的过厅、天井及正厅的装饰题材、寓意、室内陈设及家具的装饰材料等方面进行系统的剖析以形成对福建闽中民居室内装饰艺术的初步了解.     

实木家具分类及选购建议

实木家具以其诸多优点越来越受到广大消费者的青睐,但市场却鱼龙混杂,产品质量以次充好、掺杂使假等现象屡见不鲜,质量投诉也高居不下,笔者认为消费者在购买实木家具时首先应该搞清实木家具的分类及概念,另外还要掌握一定的选购技巧,这样才能避免买到以次充好、华而不实的家具而蒙受损失.     

以建筑与家具为载体的东阳木雕装饰艺术研究

以建筑、家具装饰为特色的东阳传统木作艺术,附载了文化、宗教、道德等思想内涵,是当时儒家文化追求以及程朱理学思想的反映.自宋后至明清,东阳木雕已发展到繁荣鼎盛时期,被广泛应用于宫殿、寺观、陵墓、宅院等建筑以及各类家具的装饰上.其题材、构图、雕法、工具也已成熟,并形成一套完整的手工艺体系.     

Chemical exposures from upholstered furniture with various flame retardant technologies

Upholstered furniture is often manufactured with polyurethane foam (PUF) containing flame retardants (FRs) to prevent the risk of a fire and/or to meet flammability regulations, however, exposure to certain FRs and other chemicals have been linked to adverse health effects. This study developed a new methodology for evaluating volatile organic compound (VOC) and FR exposures to users of upholstered furniture by simulating use of a chair in a controlled exposure chamber and assessing the health significance of measured chemical exposure. Chairs with different fire-resistant technologies were evaluated for VOC and FR exposures via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact exposure routes. Data show that VOC exposure levels are lower than threshold levels defined by the US and global indoor air criteria. Brominated FRs were not detected from the studied chairs. The organophosphate FRs added to PUF were released into the surrounding air (0.4 ng/m³) and as dust (16 ng/m²). Exposure modeling showed that adults are exposed to FRs released from upholstered furniture mostly by dermal contact and children are exposed via dermal and ingestion exposure. Children are most susceptible to FR exposure/dose (2 times higher average daily dose than adults) due to their frequent hand to mouth contact.     

Reduced‐scale test to assess the effect of fire barriers on the flaming combustion of cored composites: An upholstery‐material case study

Herein, we describe a reduced‐scale test (“Cube” test), measuring the fire performance of specimens including a fire barrier (FB) and a flammable core material, which acts as the main fuel load. The specimen is intended to reproduce a cross‐section of a composite product where heat/mass transfer occurs primarily in a direction perpendicular to the FB. The Cube test procedure and benefits are discussed in this work by adopting residential upholstery furniture as an exemplary study. One flexible polyurethane foam, one polypropylene cover fabric, and 10 commercially available FBs were selected. They were used to compare the fire performance of FBs, measured in terms of peak of heat release rate, in the ASTM E1474‐14 standard test and the newly developed Cube test. Edge effects severely affected the performance of FBs in the ASTM E1474‐14 standard test but not in the Cube test. Furthermore, appropriate test conditions were determined in the Cube test to measure the so‐called “wetting point,” that is, the time and value of heat release rate measured when flammable liquid products were first observed on the bottom of the specimen. The relevance of the “wetting point” in terms of full‐scale fire performance and failure mechanism of FBs is discussed.     

Influence of modern plastic furniture on the fire development in fires in homes: large‐scale fire tests in living rooms

About 80% of all fire fatalities in Germany occur because of fires in homes. It has been known for some time that modern materials (synonym for materials consisting mostly of synthetic polymers) tend to burn differently from older materials (synonym for materials consisting mostly of fibrous cellulosic substances) and it has been acknowledged that the amount of combustible plastics in homes has increased significantly over the last decades. To investigate the influence of modern furniture and ventilation conditions of fires in homes, a series of four large‐scale tests in two living rooms (LRs) with adjacent rooms (ARs) was performed by BAM and the Frankfurt fire service. Two LRs, one with older furniture and one with modern furniture, were tested twice each. Each test started with the ignition of a paper cushion on an upholstered chair. The influence of modern materials on the fire development was investigated, as well as the influence of the ventilation on the fire development. In all settings, an upholstered chair was the first burning item. Results of the test series show that fires in rooms with modern furniture develop faster than fires in rooms with older furniture. This is true for temperature development in the rooms as well as for smoke production.     

Ergonomic mismatch between students anthropometry and university classroom furniture

University students spend most of their time in classrooms, mostly in a sitting position. Prolonged sitting on ill-fitted furniture and the resulting bad posture is making students suffer from different musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study evaluates the potential mismatch between furniture dimensions and anthropometric measurements. To determine potential mismatch, 13 anthropometric measurements of 550 students and 11 dimensions of two types of classroom furniture (mounted-desktop and chair-with-table) were measured and then compared. Additionally, chi-square test was performed to compare the relation between anthropometry and relevant furniture dimensions. Results showed that a significant number of mismatches emerged between anthropometric measurements and furniture dimensions. For both types of furniture, seat height was too high and seat depth was too deep. Moreover, for mounted desktop, desk height is almost appropriate for all students whereas for chair and table, it was too high for the males. These circumstances may lead to increase discomfort and increase MSDs problems among all students. It can be concluded that the dimensions of both types of classroom furniture were not appropriate for users according to anthropometric measurements. This analysis recommends the measurements of furniture dimensions based on participants’ anthropometric measurements to avoid or minimise discomfort and MSDs problems.     

纸绳在家具设计中的应用

目的 从绿色家具视角和纸绳家具设计实例出发,探究纸绳家具的设计原则和方法,旨在为实际应用提供一种新的思路.方法 通过对纸绳材料优势的深入分析,结合实例和现阶段绿色家具的设计要求,分析"6R""以人为本"设计原则在纸绳家具设计中的应用,并指导设计实践.结论 "6R"和"以人为本"的设计原则对纸绳家具设计具有指导作用,所设计的纸绳家具不仅能够避免复合纸板家具不耐水、不耐久等不足,也赋予纸家具产品温馨的人文主义气息,达到功能性与艺术性的完美统一.与此同时,在充分了解材料属性的基础上,赋予纸绳家具可回收、再循环和再利用的环保属性,拟满足当代消费者对产品实用性和环保性的双重要求,这对纸材料在家具设计中的进一步拓展具有重要意义.