碳纳米管/纳米TiO2-聚苯胺复合膜电极的制备及电容性能研究

用循环伏安法，在含有0．2mol／L苯胺的0．5mol／L硫酸溶液中，以50mv／s的扫描速度，在-0．1-0．9V的范围内实现了苯胺在Ti基碳纳米管／纳米TiO2电极上的电化学聚合，并用循环伏安（CV）法和电化学交流阻抗谱（EIS）对制备的碳纳米管／纳米TiO2-聚苯胺（CNT／nanoTiO2-PAn）复合膜电极的电化学性质进行了表征，同时进一步对该电极的充放电性能进行了研究。实验结果表明，此条件下得到的PAn膜电极具有良好的导电性，同时具有疏松、多孔的网络结构；充放电测试研究表明，基于CNT／TiO2基体上的PAn膜的面积比电容在放电电流密度为2．5mA／cm^2时达到了833mF／cm^2,说明有很好的电容性能，可以作为超级电容器的电极材料。     

炭分子筛的孔径分布研究

采用容积法测定了CO2在两种炭分子筛（CMS-200A、CMS-200B）上的吸附等温线,温度为273K、相对压力为0.000001～0.9。通过HK模型和D-R方程对吸附平衡数据进行分析,计算得到了两种炭分子筛的孔径分布。结果表明：两者的孔径分布主要在0.35～0.8nm之间,CMS-200B的平均孔径略大于CMS-200A。HK模型和D-R方程两种方法均可以反映出两种炭分子筛孔径分布的差异,且计算得到的结论是一致的。     

HDPE/ PC/CB复合体系双逾渗行为的研究

以炭黑(CB)为导电填料,填充到2种不相容的高聚物高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和聚碳酸酯(PC)基体中制备高分子基正温度效应(PTC)材料.研究表明,CB在HIRE中的逾渗阈值约为20%;HDPE/PC/CB三元复合体系形成了双逾渗行为,当HDPE/PC质量比为40/60时,三元复合体系具有较好的PTC及PTC重复性.     

PA 12导电复合材料的结构与性能

采用熔融共混的方法制备了炭黑含量不同的聚酰胺(PA)12导电复合材料,研究了复合材料的导电性能、结构以及炭黑的分散状况。复合材料的体积电阻率随炭黑含量的增加而显著降低,导电炭黑的逾渗阈值低于15%。炭黑具有异相成核的作用,可提高PA 12初始结晶温度。复合材料的储能模量随炭黑含量增加而升高,炭黑对PA 12的分子运动有明显的阻碍作用,使复合材料的玻璃化转变温度移向高温方向。炭黑在PA 12基体中分散较均匀,随炭黑含量增加,炭黑颗粒间距减小,使PA 12复合材料具有良好的导电性能,体积电阻率最低为1×105Ω.cm。     

溶聚丁苯橡胶/炭黑/短纤维复合材料的取向结构与力学性能

研究了溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)／炭黑／短纤维复合材料(SFRC)的力学性能和短纤维在橡胶中的取向度及其黏合效果,分析了短纤维的黏合作用对复合材料应力．应变形为的影响。结果表明,短纤维的加入显著提高了SFRC的撕裂强度、10％定伸应力及邵尔A型硬度;短纤维用量小于30份时。2种预处理短纤维的取向度呈增长趋势,且尼龙短纤维的取向度明显高于聚酯短纤维;SFRC在平行方向上有不同程度的屈服现象,且添加聚酯短纤维的SFRC屈服应变及应力值小于添加尼龙短纤维的SFRC。SFRC在垂直方向没有应力屈服现象;预处理短纤维与橡胶的黏合效果优于未处理短纤维。     

废轮胎热解再生炭黑表面活性

为克服废轮胎常压热解再生炭黑(PC)表面碳质沉积物过多、表面活性差和不适于橡胶补强应用等缺点,本文以反相气相色谱法为分析手段,分别通过硝酸酸洗和硬脂酸-硝酸酸洗等方法改性处理PC,以期改善PC结构和提高其表面性能,继而改善PC填充天然橡胶硫化胶的机械性能.系统地考察了未改性PC以及硝酸酸洗改性热解炭黑(WPC)、硬脂酸-硝酸酸洗改性热解炭黑(SWPC)表面能色散分量、极性分量、热力学函数变化以及炭黑表面不同活性点的能量分布情况,并考察了改性处理对热解炭黑填充天然橡胶硫化胶机械性能的影响.实验结果表明,硝酸酸洗改性在炭黑表面引入较多的羟基和羧基等官能团,导致其表面能过高,不利于天然橡胶补强.而在硝酸酸洗基础上,通过加入硬脂酸再改性后,可以减少炭黑颗粒之间的团聚,降低表面能,改善炭黑在硫化胶中的分散性.通过硫化胶机械性能测试实验发现,与PC和WPC相比,填充SWPC的天然橡胶具有较高的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、300%定伸应力,能基本达到半补强炭黑的应用标准.     

Modeling percolative fragmentation during conversion of entrained char particles

A numerical model of carbonaceous particle conversion under chemical and external diffusion control is proposed. The model accounts for different classes of particles which undergo chemical conversion in parallel with percolative fragmentation. It applies to typical conditions of entrained flow reactors. The system of algebraic and differential equations has been numerically solved. Results include the total carbon conversion as well as the determination of particle properties along the reactor. The model correctly predicts the change of the conversion rate at varying temperature, initial oxidant concentration and excess oxidant ratio. The influence of percolation parameters is also relevant and claims further investigations for more accurate determination. A comparison with experimental data available in literature is also provided     

The influence of filler on the emission properties and rheology of carbon nanotube paste

CNT paste consists of organic solution, inorganic binder and filler. Organic solution contains organic resins and solvent including surfactants which finely disperse CNTs. Filler affects surface morphology, electron emission property, viscosity, and rheological characteristics of CNT paste. We used different fillers such as silver and alumina in CNT paste for special function. The emission properties of CNT paste with silver are similar to those of CNT paste with alumina if filler portion is the same. From the scanning electron microscope (SEM) different morphologies of CNTs was observed depending on the type of filler. CNT paste which showed good emission property had vertically well-aligned CNTs on the surface after surface treatment using adhesive tape. We measured viscosity and rheological properties with rheometer RS600 from HAAKE. Emission property of CNT paste was evaluated in vacuum chamber of 10^{− 6} Torr with pulse generator and duty was 1/500.     

Texture modeling in carbon-carbon composites based on mesophase precursor matrices

A computational modeling study of texture formation in carbon-carbon composites based on carbon fibers and carbonaceous mesophase precursors is presented. The modeling predictions on texture formation and disclination structures are quantitatively validated with extensive experimental data. The number and type of disclinations displayed by the carbonaceous mesophase matrix is shown to be governed by the elasticity of the mesophase, the carbon fiber-mesophase interfacial energy, the size of the fibers, and positional arrangement of the fibers. The simulations provide new insights on the fundamental principles that govern texturing and disclination nucleation, and on how to control the structure of carbon-carbon composites through fiber concentration, fiber cross-section, and fiber-matrix interaction.