关于炭素厂阴极焙烧车间设计的探讨

根据近年来对国内炭素厂阴极焙烧车间设计中所作的优化和改进,提出了几个以增产、节能、节约投资和便于操作维修为目的的有效措施。     

Effect of laser fluences on the structure of carbon nitride films deposited by direct current plasma assisted pulsed laser ablation

Carbon nitride films were deposited by direct current plasma assisted pulsed laser ablation of a graphite target under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The surface morphology, composition and bonding structure of the deposited films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of laser fluences in the range 0.5–3 J/cm² on the surface morphology, composition and bonding structure of the carbon nitride films were systematically studied. As laser fluence is increased, AFM results show a great decrease in the surface roughness of carbon nitride films. FTIR and XPS results indicate an increase in the N/C ratio and the content of N atoms bonded to sp³ C, as well as a decrease in the content of H atoms and the content of N atoms boned to sp² C in the deposited films, and Raman spectra indicate an increase in the content of disordered sp² C atoms and the sp² cluster size. The increase in the film density and the decrease in the particle fraction contribute to the decrease of surface roughness with increasing laser fluence.     

航空发动机积炭清洗剂初探

本文简介了积炭的形成过程及其危害，国内外现有去炭工艺水平，重点分析了有机积炭清洗剂各成份的作用和影响，确定了工艺配方，并对其性能和使用情况作了测试。     

稳定态二氧化氯杀菌剂的制备及应用

稳定态二氧化氯(C1O2)是一新型杀菌消毒剂，具有高效、广谱、安全的特性，适用范围广，不产生对人体有害物质。介绍了稳定态ClO2的性质、检测、制备条件及其在有关领域的应用。     

Well-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite films

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)/polyaniline (PANI) composite films with good uniformity and dispersion were prepared by electrochemical polymerization of aniline containing well-dissolved SWNTs. The results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-Vis adsorption spectroscopy show that aniline can be used to solubilize SWNTs via formation of donor-acceptor complexes. The electrochemical deposition of SWNT-aniline solutions have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results show that SWNT-based aniline solutions exhibit a drastic increase in peak current within the potential scanning region. The doping effect of SWNTs on PANI films was investigated by electrochemistry and FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicate that the enhanced electroactivity and conductivity of the SWNT/PANI composite films may be due to the strong interaction between SWNTs and PANI, which facilitates the effective degree of electron delocalization.     

A farm level approach to define successful mitigation strategies for GHG emissions from ruminant livestock systems

Ruminant livestock systems are a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Thus far, mitigation options for GHG emissions mainly focused on a single gas, and are treated as isolated activities. The present paper proposes a framework for a farm level approach for the full accounting of GHG emissions. The methodology accounts for the relevant direct and indirect emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide, including carbon sequestration. Furthermore, the potential trade-off with ammonia volatilisation and nitrate leaching are taken into account. A ruminant livestock farm is represented with a conceptual model consisting of five pools: animal, manure, soil, crop and feed. The carbon and nitrogen inputs, throughputs and outputs are described, and the direct emissions are related to the carbon and nitrogen flows. The indirect emissions included in the methodology are mainly carbon dioxide emissions from energy use and nitrous oxide emissions related to imported resources and nitrogen losses. The whole farm approach is illustrated with a case of two dairy farms with contrasting livestock density and grassland management. It is shown that the inclusion of carbon sequestration and all indirect emissions have a major impact on the GHG budget of the farm. For one farm, the effect of four mitigation options on the GHG emissions was quantified. It was concluded that a whole farm approach of full accounting contributes to a better insight in the interactions between the carbon and nitrogen flows and the resulting emissions, within and outside the farm boundaries. Consequently, the methodology can be used to develop efficient and effective mitigation strategies.     

Catalytic dehydrogenative coupling of methane on active carbon. Effect of metal supported on active carbon

Ethane, ethene, ethyne and hydrogen are obtained in good yields via dehydrogenative coupling of methane in the presence of active carbon as a catalyst. The product yield is increased by supporting metal on active carbon.     

Perylene derivative sensitized multi-walled carbon nanotube thin film

Perylene-sensitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PV-MWNT) have been prepared by a π-stacking between nanotubes and perylene derivatives, N,N′-diphenyl glyoxaline-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid diacidamide (PV). The resultant nanocomposites have been characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and photocurrent spectra. Long range ordering can be observed in the form of PV-MWNT via π-stacking by TEM. Red-shift in the optical spectra consisting of the UV-vis absorption and PL spectra with the attraction of PV on the surface of the MWNTs were observed. The evident quenching in PL spectra of PV-MWNT was ascribed to the absorption and transfer of recombination energy by MWNT. Photosensitivity spectra demonstrated an increasing photocurrent in the ultraviolet region and a broadening photosensitivity in the red spectral region for solar cells based on PV-MWNT.     

Removal of nitrogen oxides from air by chemicals-impregnated carbons

Fixation of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) in air onto granular activated carbon impregnated with chemicals was attempted to improve removal efficiency of NO_x by activated carbon adsorption. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), were tried to remove by a flow test. Fixed-bed adsorption breakthrough curves were obtained when some kinds of carbon were used. The amount adsorbed of NO₂ changed with the amount and kinds of metallic salts impregnated. Chemicals-impregnated carbons were prepared from a commercial activated carbon. Among obtained carbons, the one which showed the highest selectivity for NO_x was chosen, and its performance with the change in humidity was determined. Removal mechanism of NO₂ was estimated, and the carbon impregnated with potassium hydroxide was found to be superior to any other carbon tested. The amount of the adsorbed NO and that produced by the reduction of NO₂ were determined from the breakthrough curves.     

Kinetics of the Initial Stage of Sintering from Shrinkage Data: Simultaneous Determination of Activation Energy and Kinetic Model from a Single Nonisothermal Experiment

A new method for the kinetic analysis of the initial stage of sintering for constant-heating-rate data has been proposed. Unlike all of the methods previously reported in the literature, this new method proposed here allows the simultaneous determination of the activation energy and the kinetic model from a single dilatometric curve recorded under a linear-heating-rate program. The proposed method has been tested with simulated sintering curves and experimental results have been obtained for the sintering of a rutile sample.