聚丙烯酸对纳米SiO_2薄膜性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体、聚丙烯酸(PAA)为增孔剂制备大孔径SiO_2薄膜,研究了PAA添加量对薄膜孔径的影响、烧结温度与薄膜孔径及晶相转化之间的关系。通过热重分析仪(TG-DTG)、氮气吸附-脱附法、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、红外光谱仪(IR)对样品性能进行表征。结果表明,随着PAA添加量的增多,孔径随之增大,当添加量达到15%(体积分数)时,薄膜表面出现裂纹;随着烧结温度的升高,SiO_2晶相发生转变及PAA完全炭化使得薄膜孔径增大。实验确定,PAA最佳加入量为10%,且最佳烧结温度为800℃时制得的SiO_2薄膜的热稳定性良好,表面平整致密,平均孔径为53.73nm。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定黄金首饰金含量不确定度的评定

黄金首饰的表层元素经X射线激发,发射出特征X射线荧光能量光谱线.不同元素的能量光谱线与其含量存在着特定的线性关系.能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪通过采用脉冲高度分析器和配套的相关软件将不同能量的脉冲分开,找出相应的元素,测量相应元素的具体含量值.通过X射线荧光光谱仪对黄金首饰的金含量测出的一系列测量值,依据GB/T18043-2013对黄金首饰样品金含量的不确定度进行计算.对采用的黄金标准物质运用最小二乘法建立数学模型,以标准值为x,3次测量值的平均值为y,找出线性关系方程.通过标准物质的运用,当置信因子k=2时,最终分别计算出18K金样品、足金样品金含量的扩展不确定度.     

Mn对22%Cr双相不锈钢700℃时效σ相及韧性的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)结合析出动力学和冲击实验,研究了不同Mn含量(4.3%,6.9%,9.7%,质量分数,下同)对22%Cr节镍型双相不锈钢700℃时效析出相形成和韧性的影响。结果表明:随Mn含量由4.3%增加至9.7%,时效76h,析出形貌分别为铁素体/奥氏体(δ/γ)界面细小σ相颗粒析出和铁素体晶内σ相/二次奥氏体(γ_2)共析组织。Mn含量增加使Avrami指数n减小,反应常数B增大,Mn元素参与并促进σ相析出,σ相开始析出和完全析出时间均提前,开始析出与完全析出的时间间隔增大,析出速率降低。时效过程中δ相分解量低于1%(体积分数,下同)对冲击韧度影响不大,δ相分解量由1%增至5%会显著降低冲击韧度。Mn含量增加在时效前期对冲击韧度有利,时效中期则会促使δ相分解量更早超过1%,导致冲击韧度快速下降。     

水热法一步合成VO2粉末及其微观形貌调控

采用水热法,钒源选择V_2O_5,在使用还原剂草酸,不使用其他表面活性剂及模板的条件下,制备了具有不同微观形貌的VO_2(B)和VO_2(M)粉末,主要研究了草酸溶液浓度变化对产物微观形貌的影响。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对粉末的晶型结构和物相组成进行分析,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对粉末的微观形貌进行表征。在180℃水热反应温度下,制备出了具有多种特殊微观形貌的VO_2(B)粉末,典型的如"雪花"状、"杨桃"状以及均匀短棒状等,全面系统地对粉末所出现的不同微观形貌进行了总结。采用蓝电电池测试系统对不同微观形貌VO_2(B)粉末制备的锂离子电池进行充放电测试,结果表明,"杨桃"状VO_2(B)锂离子电池性能较优,比容量峰值可达4 683.8mAh/g,但电池循环特性较差。同时,在水热反应温度260℃下,合成了微观形貌分别为短棒状、"雪花"状、"核桃"状以及球状的VO_2(M)粉末。DSC测试结果显示,VO_2(M)粉末形貌对其相变温度影响较小。     

银/氯化银电极用于监测混凝土中氯离子含量的研究

采用干湿循环渗透法,通过实验室制备的银/氯化银电极来监测混凝土中的氯离子含量,测试了电极的响应性能和长期稳定性,研究了总氯离子含量与自由氯离子含量之间、总氯离子含量与电位之间的关系。结果表明:银/氯化银电极电位能比较好地监测到混凝土中氯离子含量变化的过程,具有良好的长期稳定性能。总氯离子含量随自由氯离子含量的增加而增加,两者之间呈现幂函数的规律。总氯离子含量随电位上升而下降,两者之间呈指数函数的规律。     

老化SBS改性沥青二次改性再生工艺及机理研究

为研究老化SBS改性沥青的二次改性再生效果,比较不同工艺对再生效果的影响,首先通过常规试验、SHRP试验选择恰当的SBS改性沥青老化模拟方式,然后对添加SBS改性剂、新沥青进行再生的3种工艺展开研究,并借助红外光谱试验分析不同掺加顺序对老化SBS改性沥青再生效果的影响,确定了改性剂及新、旧沥青的最佳比例和最佳工艺。结果表明:采用RTFOT试验进行老化模拟更加方便、科学,RTFOT试验5h获得的改性沥青指标与服务年龄为7年的SBS改性沥青一致;SBS改性剂、新沥青添加顺序与老化沥青再生效果关系密切,先将SBS改性剂和新沥青混合制备改性沥青,再将改性沥青与老化沥青混合的工艺可使再生沥青性能最佳,其中SBS最佳掺量为4%,新、旧沥青质量比为2。     

Synergistic effects of micro-/nano-fillers on conductive and electromagnetic shielding properties of polypropylene nanocomposites

This study presents the synergistic effects of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) and carbon fibers (CFs) additions on the electrical and electromagnetic shielding properties of GNS/CF/polypropylene (PP) composites. These composites were fabricated by the melt blending of different ratios of GNSs and CFs (20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15 and 0:20 wt/wt%) into a PP polymer matrix using a Brabender mixer. Besides, the chemical and crystalline structures and the thermal stability of the resultant GNS/CF/PP composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FT-IR and XRD showed that with the addition of GNSs content, transmittances at 1373.4?cm^?1 and 1454.4?cm^?1 became smaller and the characteristic peak at 26.82° became stronger. TGA showed that the GNS/CF/PP composite can be used at high temperature below 456°C. Blending 10?wt% CFs and 10?wt% GNSs into the PP polymer resulted in excellent conductivity (0.397 S/cm), which indicated the occurrence of the critical percolation threshold phenomenon, and also reached the maximum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of 20?dB at 1.28–2.00?GHz. Laminated with five layers of composites, its EMSE achieved 25–38?dB at 0.3–3.0?GHz, corresponding to blocking of 94.38–98.74% electromagnetic waves.     

Electrochemical deposition of polypyrrole–carbon nanotube films using steroid dispersants

Polypyrrole (PPR)–carbon nanotube (CNT) films were prepared by an electrodeposition method, combining PPR electropolymerization and anaphoresis of CNT. PPR polymerization experiments showed advantages of a dopant from the catechol family for the deposition of PPR films at reduced electrode potentials. The method allowed the formation of adherent films on stainless steel substrates. The amphiphilic molecules with steroid-like structures, such as carbenoxolone disodium salt, glycyrrhizic acid, ammonium salt, and sodium taurodeoxycholate, were used for dispersion and charging of CNT. The new dispersing agents showed outstanding dispersion ability. In addition to dispersing properties, electrodeposition experiments revealed film-forming properties of carbenoxolone and ability to form pure carbenoxolone or carbenoxolone–CNT films. The PPR–CNT films formed using carbenoxolone disodium salt, glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt, and sodium taurodeoxycholate showed diverse microstructural features. The dispersion and deposition mechanisms were discussed.     

Engineering High‐Performance MoO2‐Based Nanomaterials with Supercapacity and Superhydrophobicity by Tuning the Raw Materials Source

Herein, a simple self‐assembly method is proposed for the fabrication of MoO₂‐based superhydrophobic material with record high contact angles (contact angle up to about 173°) for conductive metal oxides on hard/soft substrates. The spin‐coated surface demonstrates excellent oil–water separation efficiency (>98%) after 50 cycles and robust corrosion resistance after immersion into different pH solutions for 20 d. These water‐resistant coatings retain excellent superhydrophobicity after oil immersion, knife‐scratch, and long‐cycle sandpaper abrasion, which is not observed on most artificial surfaces. Meanwhile, the functionality switching from superhydrophobicity to supercapacity, which have an inverse relationship in aqueous solutions because of poor electrode wettability, is achieved simply by editing the raw materials source. Tuning of the raw materials leads to the same product MoO₂/graphitic carbon with different morphologies and functionalities. Different from superhydrophobic MoO₂/carbon ball flowers, MoO₂ nanotubes with carbon exhibit excellent supercapacity with a large gravimetric capacitance and great cycling stability.     

Quantitative Proteomics Study Reveals Changes in the Molecular Landscape of Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Impaired Stem Cell Differentiation upon Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

The increasing number of nanoparticles (NPs) being used in various industries has led to growing concerns of potential hazards that NP exposure can incur on human health. However, its global effects on humans and the underlying mechanisms are not systemically studied. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), with the ability to differentiate to any cell types, provide a unique system to assess cellular, developmental, and functional toxicity in vitro within a single system highly relevant to human physiology. Here, the quantitative proteomics approach is adopted to evaluate the molecular consequences of titanium dioxide NPs (TiO₂ NPs) exposure in hESCs. The study identifies ≈328 unique proteins significantly affected by TiO₂ NPs exposure. Proteomics analysis highlights that TiO₂ NPs can induce DNA damage, elevated oxidative stress, apoptotic responses, and cellular differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo analysis demonstrates remarkable reduction in the ability of hESCs in teratoma formation after TiO₂ NPs exposure, suggesting impaired pluripotency. Subsequently, it is found that TiO₂ NPs can disrupt hESC mesoderm differentiation into cardiomyocytes. The study unveils comprehensive changes in the molecular landscape of hESCs by TiO₂ NPs and identifies the impact which TiO₂ NPs can have on the pluripotency and differentiation properties of human stem cells.