煤基高分子复合材料研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了煤基高分子复合材料研究现状，包括煤粉填料、神府煤／高密度聚乙烯共混体系、特种无烟煤粉共混塑料、煤／聚己内酰胺复合材料、风化煤腐殖酸／聚己内酰胺复合材料和傅一克烷基化改性煤／聚丙烯复合材料，以及煤基高分子复合材料的应用，并分析了煤基高分子复合材料的发展趋势。     

炭黑－环氧树脂导电复合材料的研究

本文研究了炭黑－环氧树脂复合材料的制备工艺及炭黑填充率对材料电阻率的影响。实验结果表明，加入表面活性剂，明显改善了炭黑在环氧树脂中分布的均匀性。炭黑－环氧树脂材料具有明显的渗流效应，正温度系数效应即ＰＴＣ效应，非线性伏安特性和电磁波屏蔽效应。     

Effect of rare earth elements surface treatment on tensile properties of aramid fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites

Solutions of rare earth modifier (RES) and epoxy chloropropane (ECP) grafting modification method were used for the surface treatment of aramid fiber. Tensile properties of both the aramid/epoxy composites and single fibers were tested. The effects of RES concentration on tensile properties of aramid/epoxy composites were investigated in detail to explore an optimum amount of rare earth elements in solution for modifying aramid fiber. The fracture surface morphologies of tensile specimens were observed and analyzed with the aid of SEM. The experimental results show that rare earth treatment is superior to ECP grafting treatment in promoting interfacial adhesion between the aramid fiber and epoxy matrix. Meanwhile, the tensile strengths of single fibers were almost not affected by RES treatment. The optimum performance is obtained when the content of rare earth elements is 0.5 wt %. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1037–1041, 2004     

Side-Surface Structure of a Commercial β-Silicon Carbide Whisker

The side surfaces of a commercial β-SiC whisker were analyzed by calculating the surface energy and observing the microstructure of the whiskers. The results indicated that the side surfaces displayed a type of zigzag structure and were composed of {111}, {110}, and {100} crystal planes.     

高性能环氧乙烯基酯树脂在车辆制造上的应用

介绍了几种特种环氧乙烯基酯树脂在不同类型车辆部件制造上的应用，阐述了高性能树脂基复合材料在车辆上的应用情况和发展趋势。     

Synthesis and characterization of superabsorbent hydrogels composites based on polysuccinimide

A kind of novel superabsorbent hydrogel with high swelling ratio property that could be used for the development of water absorbing resin, soil water retention agent, and chemical sand‐fixing material was synthesized in this study. The hydrogels were prepared by the crosslinking reaction of polysuccinimide (PSI). The relationships between swelling ratio and volume of solvent as well as the concentration of crosslinking agent were investigated in detail. Several composites, such as starch, carrageenan, and polyacrylamide, were added into hydrogels to enhance the swelling ratio. It was found that the swelling ratio was significantly increased, which the maximum water absorbency was enhanced 2.46 times when the composite polyacrylamide (PAM) was added compared to the control. The effects of ionic strength and sensitivity of pH on hydrogels were also studied. The modified hydrogels products with swelling ratio less sensitivity to the salinity as well as relative high swelling ration in salinity system were also obtained by adding PAM. Through the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterizations, the crosslinking reaction mechanism and the structure of composite were proposed. In addition, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations showed that some composite materials elevated the physical crosslinked and connected channels density substantially. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 550–557, 2006     

The effect of fibre-matrix interactions on structure and property changes during the fabrication of unidirectional carbon/carbon composites

This paper reports the systematic characterisation of changes in the structure and properties of a series of unidirectional carbon-carbon composites at key stages of processing. The composites were fabricated from PAN-based carbon fibres (surface treated and untreated) and two carbon matrix systems (graphitising and non-graphitising). The effects of matrix shrinkage, together with thermal expansion mismatch and interfacial bonding, established the composite structure and hence the composite properties. The morphology and interconnectivity of the shrinkage cracks, the strength and nature of the fibre-matrix interfacial interaction and the development of matrix texture were identified as key structural features. These features were characterised and their effect on subsequent processing stages (densification) and composite properties was determined.     

Synthesis and characteristics of carbon encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles produced by a hydrothermal reaction

A novel process to synthesize carbon encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles was developed by heating an aqueous glucose solution containing Fe@Au (Au coated Fe nanoparticles) or Ni nanoparticles at 160–180 °C for 2 h. In comparison with traditional methods, such a hydrothermal approach is not only simple but also able to provide functional groups such as –OH on the surface of carbon sphere. Only pure Fe nanoparticles did not favor the formation of carbon encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles due to the oxidation of Fe nanoparticles by H₂O during the reaction and their surfaces had to be coated by an Au shell in advance. The results of TEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS and vibration sample magnetometer characterization show that uniform carbon spheres containing some embedded Fe@Au nanoparticles with a saturation of 14.6 emu/g are obtained and the size of a typical product is 200 nm. Carbon encapsulated Ni nanoparticles have been successfully prepared in the same way.     

UHMWPE纤维/LDPE复合材料防弹性能及机理研究

本文探讨了用超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维增强低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）复合材料的防弹性能，研究了不同基体含量对复合材料防弹性能的影响。实验证明，UHMWPE纤维／LDPE复合材料具有较好的防弹性能，其最佳的基体含量在26％左右。同时，本文还通过分析防弹片材的断裂区域及复合材料的防弹机理确定了弹丸的变形情况和靶片“背凸”在防弹作用中的贡献。     

Harnessing the Melting Peculiarities of Ultra‐High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers for the Processing of Compacted Fiber Composites

Summary: Compacted fiber composites offer unique properties due to their lack of an extraneous matrix. The conditions of processing ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers were simulated in a heated pressure cell. In situ X‐ray diffraction measurements were used to follow the relevant transitions and the changes in the degree of crystallinity during melting and crystallization. The results strongly support the suggestion that the hexagonal crystal phase, in which the chain conformation is extremely mobile on the segmental level, constitutes the physical basis of compaction technologies for processing UHMWPE fibers into a single‐polymer composite. This report suggests that using a pseudo‐phase diagram outlining the occurrence of different phases during slow heating and the degree of crystallinity can provide valuable insight into the technological parameters relevant for optimal processing conditions.

Degree of crystallinity as a function of pressure and temperature in a region relevant to compaction processes.