基于微藻培养的沼液处理相关耦合技术进展

基于微藻培养的沼液处理相关耦合技术是近些年沼液资源化处理利用领域的研究热点。本文综述了沼液处理与CO₂固定耦合技术、沼液处理与高值生物质生产耦合技术、沼液处理与生态农业耦合技术等耦合技术的研究发展现状与优缺点，并指出了各耦合技术发展的关键问题，如沼液处理与CO₂固定耦合技术中高CO₂耐受性藻株选育与固碳影响机理研究问题、沼液处理与高值生物质生产耦合技术中低成本、低能耗高值生物质生产技术开发问题、沼液处理与生态农业耦合技术系统性评价体系缺乏问题等。最后，为促进耦合技术突破现有瓶颈，从微藻选育、微藻培养、沼液处理与沼气工程综合经济性4个角度提出相关的建议。     

松散回填层及深厚淤泥地基联合灌浆加固技术研究

江苏某风电场升压站电缆沟地基为厚约３ｍ的土夹石回填层和１５ｍ的淤泥层,因施工时回填层未分层碾压,淤泥层也未作处理,工程运行后出现了明显下沉,局部下沉量超过了３０ｃｍ,严重影响到电缆及设备的正常运行,亟需进行加固处理。针对该电缆沟回填层孔隙大、淤泥层深厚、地下管线复杂、施工空间受限、工期短,以及减沉加固效果要求高等工程特点,研究采用了“水泥膏浆＋稳定性浆液”、 “压力－流量双限控制”、“深－浅孔布孔”相结合的联合灌浆加固处理方法,以工后沉降为控制目标,对孔排距、灌浆压力和灌浆量进行了设计,对水泥膏浆和稳定性浆液进行了现场配比试验和灌浆施工,并对加固处理效果进行了分析评价。工后沉降监测表明,联合灌浆对于松散回填层及深厚淤泥地基加固处理效果较好,可为类似工程提供参考。     

鄂南地区新型固井水泥浆性能评价

针对鄂南地区固井质量差的问题,研发了一套新型固井泥浆体系,并对该体系性能进行了评价。研究发现该水泥浆体系的流变性、沉降稳定性良好,游离水少;水泥浆稠化线性正常,防气窜效果好;水泥石的早期强度发展较好,后期强度较稳定;水泥石收缩率低,孔隙率低,有利于增强后期强度。     

Determination of consolidation behaviour of clay slurries

The main objective of this study was to determine the consolidation behaviour of clay slurries.A finegrained clay with high consistency limits(W_L = 180%,w_P= 120%) was investigated using conventional oedometer and bench-top centrifuge tests.Results indicated that the slurry had an apparent preconsolidation(due to initial conditions,electrochemical interactions,tortuous drainage,and thixotropic strength) from e = 5.7 to e = 5.5 followed by virgin compression.Likewise,the low hydraulic conductivity(10~(-10)-10~(-12) m/s) was due to low porosity(small pore throats) and high tortuosity(long flow paths).Unlike consolidation of soils,the c_v and m_v decreased with increasing σ' but increased with increasing e and k.The data from the two tests correlated well in the range of σ' = 10-65 kPa,e = 5.5-3.86,k= 1.7 × 10~(-10)-5×10~(-11) m/s,F_c = 1-40 MN.New equations were developed to correlate the consolidation parameters(e,σ',k) with F_c.The deviation of k beyond 40 MN(e = 4.65) was due to deviation from the initial straight line portion of the settlement curve in the centrifuge test.     

Characteristics of coal sludge slurry prepared by a wet-grinding process

Coal sludge slurry(CSS) is an alternative fuel and a potential competitive method for sludge reduction.Based on the researches of coal water slurry, we studied CSSs by using a wet-grinding process with different types of regional municipal sludge(sludge) in an orthogonal experiment. The sludge type,sludge mixing proportion, dosage of dispersant, and grinding time were tested in this study. The results show that water content and its occurrence characteristics in the sludge have primary hindering influences on slurry ability. The range of fixed-viscosity concentrations with raw wet sludge is from 50.78%to 44.40%(by weight), while the range is from 53.35% to 51.51%(by weight) with dry sludge. All of the CSSs exhibit shear-thinning behaviors with different variation trends, especially the CSSs with more than 15%(by weight) raw wet sludge in it. Adding the same proportion of raw wet sludge increases the thixotropic properties of CSSs and the highest area of thixotropy loop is 3065 Pa/s, while the highest value of dry sludge is 1798 Pa/s. Hydrophilic group plays an important role in adsorbing water and building three-dimension networks with other particles, which is the main reason for CSS properties.Therefore, the mechanism can be used to find the way for making high quality CSS.     

明胶蛋白类浆料对毛/涤混纺纱上浆及浆纱性能的研究

采用一种可生物降解的自制阳离子蛋白类浆料对毛涤混纺纱进行上浆,研究其上浆工艺、浆纱的退浆工艺以及上浆后并退浆的毛/涤织物的染色性能。通过研究优化出了毛涤纱最佳上浆工艺为:浆液质量浓度10%;最佳洗呢(兼退浆)工艺为:4g/L Na2CO3,1g/L皂液,40℃处理40min,浴比1:20;浆纱并经洗呢(兼退浆)后毛/涤织物Lanasol染料最佳染色工艺条件:醋酸用量为1ml/L,90℃保温染色1h,再用1.5g/L碳酸钠在60℃固色20min。并评价该浆料的应用效果。研究结果表明,该浆料可以有效的提高浆纱的强力,减少纱线的毛羽,同时浆纱经适当条件的退浆后,染色性能显著提高,但耐洗色牢度及耐摩擦色牢度有所降低,有待加强。     

夯筑土遗址中基于PS-(F+C)浆液的木锚杆锚固性能

基于室内物理模型试验和原位锚固试验,对基于PS-(F+C)（高模数硅酸钾溶液-（粉煤灰+粉土））浆液的木锚杆锚固系统在夯土介质中进行了拉拔测试与杆体-浆体界面应变监测,研究了该锚固系统的锚固性能与破坏模式、杆体-浆体界面剪应力分布与传递特征。试验结果表明该锚固系统室内试验极限锚固力（24KN~33.49KN）远大于现场试验值（2.54KN~8KN）;锚固系统具有低弹性强塑性的特征,表现出极强的延性;在荷载进程中杆体-浆体界面的应力分布与传递特征具有多峰值分布、高值往往出现在锚固末端、压应力出现等特征,表明本锚固系统兼有拉力型和压力型全长黏结性锚固系统的特点。该系统适合于夯筑土遗址锚固,与遗址具有良好的物理力学兼容性。     

两性离子型腐殖酸接枝共聚物水煤浆分散剂的合成及性能

以腐殖酸(HA)、烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)等为原料,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,采用水溶液自由基聚合原理,制备出了一种新型两性离子型腐殖酸接枝共聚物水煤浆分散剂——HA-SAS-DMDAAC(HSC).通过红外光谱、热重分析和差示扫描量热分析等对聚合物的结构及热力学性能进行了表征和分析,并考察了阳离子单体用量、引发剂用量、反应温度等对水煤浆性能的影响.优化的工艺条件为:m(DMDAAC)∶m(SAS)∶m(HA)=0.3∶1.0∶2.0,引发剂用量7.0wt%,反应温度80℃.结果表明,两性离子型腐殖酸接枝共聚物分散剂(HSC)比阴离子型腐殖酸接枝共聚物分散剂(HS)具有更好的降黏效果,并明显增强了浆体的静态稳定性.     

硫铵结晶稠化器的优化设计

为解决硫铵结晶稠化器由于设计不合理造成的管线堵塞、溢流问题,通过对稠化器增加蒸汽吹扫、安装视镜、加大稠化器顶部空间、采用可调溢流挡板等措施,确保了管线的畅通、离心机进料的稳定,减少了硫胺产品中己内酰胺的夹带。     

流化催化裂化油浆综合利用的分析

流化催化裂化（FCC）油浆外甩量通常超过5%,需要脱固处理得到澄清油再利用。本文分析得出了向延迟焦化、溶剂脱沥青、减压蒸馏、加氢等重质油加工装置直接掺炼,局限性较大;利用减压蒸馏、溶剂抽提、超临界流体萃取等工艺,对澄清油“掐头去尾”,分离组分可生产针状焦、环保橡胶填充油、沥青树脂以及碳素纤维等高附加值产品。油浆组分通过延迟焦化制备针状焦,是工业化应用主体方向,但国内产品质量与国外尚有很大差距;油浆制备环保橡胶填充油,在降低环保橡胶油多环芳烃（PCA）和8种危害性稠环芳烃（PAHs）分别至3%和10mg/kg以下的同时,必须提高芳碳率（C_A）值至10%以上来保持橡胶相容性,其收率及生产成本是工业化应用推广的制约因素。