Moving ion fronts in mixed ionic‐electronic conducting polymer films

The aim of this paper is to analyze moving front dynamics of ions and holes in a planar, mixed ionic‐electronic conducting polymer film. As cations invade the film, holes evacuate; thus, an ionic current is converted to an electronic signal. Recent experiments show that the location of the advancing ion front increases as the square‐root of time, a scaling typically associated with diffusive transport, which is surprising given the large driving voltages utilized. Ionic and electronic transport is modeled via the drift‐diffusion equations. A similarity transformation reduces the governing partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations that are solved numerically. The similarity transformation elucidates the origin of the square‐root‐of‐time front scaling. The similarity solution is then compared to the numerical solution of the full drift‐diffusion equations, finding excellent agreement. When compared with experimental data, our model captures the front location; however, qualitative differences between the ion profiles are observed. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1447–1454, 2015     

模型参数估计法计算地下地返回导体参数频率特性

在地下地返回导体参数计算中,为降低优化算法对初值选择的依赖性和提高收敛速度,基于模型参数估计(MBPE),提出了基于频域参数逐步外推概念构造初始值的方法。以Sunde公式为基础,对隐函数形式的导体参数计算公式采用非线性优化方法求解,利用已计算的参数值推出下一个频率的近似解作为优化问题初始值,根据所得初值计算不同大地电导率接地导体参数,分析冲击电流激励下接地导体暂态响应。结果表明,当大地电导率为0.1 S/m、0.01 S/m和0.001 S/m时,土壤的分布电导均远远大于其分布电容,因此,冲击电流作用下,对于实际土壤参数,接地导体时域传输线模型中可不考虑对地电容的作用。应用MBPE方法可以避免计算导体参数时初值选择的盲目性,从而提高了计算效率并保证了算法的收敛性。     

碳纤维复合芯导线与钢芯铝绞线的起晕特性对比试验

为研究碳纤维复合芯导线（ACCC）的起晕特性,基于小电晕笼电晕测量系统进行了ACCC-600/71单根导线和LGJ-630/45钢芯铝绞线单根导线起始电晕特性的对比试验。试验结果表明：在干净及人工涂污下,ACCC-600/71导线的起晕电压均要高出LGJ-630/45导线起晕电压,说明ACCC-600/71导线确实能够降低线路损耗,在节能、环保方面具有良好运行性能;表面污秽会降低导线表面粗糙度系数,从而大幅度降低起晕电压,且污秽物颗粒度越大影响程度越高。     

Cohesively Enhanced Conductivity and Adhesion of Flexible Silver Nanowire Networks by Biocompatible Polymer Sol–Gel Transition

Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks are a promising candidate to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as transparent conductors. In this paper, a novel transparent composite conductor composed of AgNW/biocompatible alginate gel on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, with synchronously enhanced adhesion and reduced resistivity, is prepared without high‐temperature annealing. The sheet resistance of the flexible AgNW/PET film reduces from 300 to 50.3 Ohm sq^?1 at transmittance of 94%. The optical and electrical performance is superior to that obtained from the flexible ITO film on PET. Meanwhile, the sheet resistance does not show great change after tape test, suggesting a good adhesion of AgNW to the polymer substrate. Moreover, the AgNW composite film shows a good stability to resist long‐term storage, solvent damage, and ultrasonication. Finally, polymer solar cells employing the composite AgNW film as the electrode are realized, displaying an efficiency of 2.44%.     

“断零”的危害和防范

阐述三相四线配电回路中中性线中断("断零")引发的诸多电气危害,介绍国际上和国内对防"断零"危害的不同措施。作者赞同国际电工标准采取多种措施避免"断零"的发生,从根本上杜绝"断零"引发诸多电气危害的对策。对我国有关规范以过欠压防护电器防范"断零"的规定提出质疑。     

低压配电设计中几个值得探讨的问题

结合IEC标准．对GB50054—2011《低压配电设计规范》中理解和执行争议较大的第3．1．3条、第3．2．14条和第6．4．3条进行分析。以应用最广泛的TN系统为例,讨论电气隔离的相关要求：以规范条文为线索。探求其中的电气原理;介绍IEC标准中电气防火的要求和进展。     

TGO厚度和界面形貌对新型涂层双管系统应力分布的影响

以700℃新型涂层双管系统为研究对象,采用有限元顺次耦合的计算方法,开展了热机载荷作用下TGO厚度和界面形貌对系统应力分布的影响研究。结果表明:TGO的厚度与其界面粗糙度均会对系统的Mises应力分布产生影响,但是与TGO厚度相比,粗糙度对TGO/BC界面靠近波峰处的Mises应力影响更加显著。此外,在TGO界面幅值和波长一定的条件下,不同的界面波形排列不会直接影响系统TGO/BC界面波峰处的Mises峰值应力;由于幅值和波长变化有效地改变了TGO界面的曲率,它们是控制涂层双管系统TGO/BC界面应力分布的关键特征参量。     

Interface transmissivity of conventional and multicomponent GCLs for three permeants

A laboratory investigation of the interface transmissivity is reported for five different geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) and a range of different geomembranes (GMBs) for a range of stresses from 10 to 150?kPa. The GCLs were prehydrated under normal stress before permeation. The GCLs examined comprised three multicomponent (a smooth coated, a smooth laminated, and textured coated) and two conventional (one with granular and one with powdered sodium bentonite) GCLs. The effect of a 4?mm circular defect in the coating of a multicomponent GCL directly below the 10?mm diameter hole in the GMB is investigated. The effect of GMB stiffness and texture is examined. Additionally, the effect of hydration and permeation of smooth coated GCL with highly saline solution and synthetic landfill leachate (SL3) is presented. It is shown that the 2-week interface transmissivity (θ_2-week) can be one to two orders of magnitude higher than steady-state interface transmissivity (θ _steady-state) at low stresses (10?kPa–50?kPa), whereas at high stresses (150?kPa) the variation is substantially less. For a smooth coated GCL hydrated and permeated with reverse osmosis (RO) water, GMB stiffness and texture has a limited effect on interface transmissivity when the coating is placed in contact with GMB at normal stresses of 10?kPa–150?kPa, whereas coating indentations result in much high interface transmissivity when placed in contact with GMB. GCL prehydration and permeation with highly saline solutions leads to higher interface transmissivity compared to RO water. With a 4.0?mm defect in the coating, the interface transmissivity between the coating and woven geotextile is higher than that between the coating and GMB for the stress levels and GCL examined.     

地线的干扰与抑制

从地线的根本定义出发,阐述了地线的干扰机理及地线阻抗对电路产生的影响,提出地线干扰对策及实际中的相应解决措施。     

Transition between two solid-solutions: Effective and easy way for fine Ce1−xGdxO2−x/2 powders preparation

Ceria, pure or doped, is an important electrolyte material in solid oxide fuel cells, catalysts, and plutonium surrogates. Even though ceria is a widely studied material, its coprecipitation with the most common doping element, gadolinium, remains mostly overlooked. Here, we present a comprehensive study of gadolinium–cerium oxalates prepared by coprecipitation of gadolinium (III) and cerium (III) salts by oxalic acid under different reaction conditions and element ratios. For this purpose, we assessed the effects of basic precipitation conditions on the final oxalate size, shape, and conversion into the corresponding oxides. The results showed that coprecipitation with oxalic acid yields and ideal solid solution, which translates into the oxides. This low-cost and straightforward synthetic route provides then high-quality solid solutions of Ge–Gd in the oxide lattice. Thus, this approach has a high industrialization potential, with significant advantages over hydrolysis or hydrothermal techniques.