激光强化冲击技术中涂层厚度的理论研究

在激光冲击强化技术中,充当能量转换体的涂层厚度问题是影响激光冲击强化效果的关键技术之一。许多研究者认为激光冲击强化处理技术中的涂层应有一个最佳值。涂层过厚,剩余涂层会对激光冲击波产生损耗;涂层过薄,又使金属表面产生气化,二者均会影响激光冲击强化效果。本文从激光与涂层相互作用的物理机理,研究推导了激光冲击涂层的理论厚度计算公式,并从工件表面状态、涂层和约束层等相关环境因素出发,讨论了它们对涂层厚度理论计算的影响,得到了具体工况条件下激光冲击涂层厚度的理论估算公式。     

超薄型金属氧化物／搪瓷复合辐射涂层蓄电池加热装置

为了解决战斗车辆在冬季使用中由于气温太低而造成蓄电池输出容量下降和充电困难问题,我们研制了一种超薄型红外线加温装置。该装置采用金属氧化物搪瓷复合涂料作为辐射层,具有发射率高、电一热转换效率高、抗腐蚀、不易脱落等特点。该加热装置体积小,重量轻,坚固实用,经3个冬季实车试验,效果令人满意。     

镀膜法获得的超辐射发光二极管的特性分析

在考虑了反射率与波长有关这一基本事实后，用图示方法对由镀膜法获得的超辐射发光二极管（ＳＬＤ）的特性进行了分析。结果表明：在判定减反射膜镀得好与不好的时候，最低反射处波长控制的准确性与最低反射率本身的大小都很重要；同时，也可以看到单面镀膜的ＳＬＤ振荡波长与增益峰值波长不重合的现象。     

Developing electrochemical measurements in order to assess anti-corrosive coatings more effectively

The aim of this project was to check reproducibility of results obtained using NOCS (no connection to the substrate) arrangement of the electrochemical noise method (ENM). NOCS involves taking measurements from three nominally identical areas on the coated surface. Thus, no electrical connection to substrate is required. In practice the areas are not identical and various arrangements for connection of the three cells were tried to see if the individual areas could be separated out and whether the individual resistances could be computed. Also different ways of calculating the R_n (noise resistance) and R_sn (spectral noise resistance) parameters were attempted to see which one gave the best comparison with the more standard EIS measurements. The maximum entropy method was recognized to be the most useful for comparison with EIS, as well as for graphic evaluation of results. Regarding distinguishing three areas using different connection arrangements, it was possible to identify the situation when one of the three values was different to the other two. However further experiments are needed before it will be possible to confidently assign an R_n value to each individual area.     

Effect of silicon nitride coating thickness on fatigue of silicon microbeams

In this paper, two silicon nitride layers with thickness, 0.2 and 0.4 μm, are coated onto single crystal silicon (SCS) in order to achieve Si₃N₄/Si cantilever microbeams. The effect of LPCVD silicon nitride surface coatings on fatigue properties of SCS cantilever microbeams is investigated. Fatigue testing is conducted at both 40 Hz and 100 Hz. Typical S–N (strain amplitude–fatigue cycle) curves of the beams are achieved and correlated fatigue failure modes are investigated. It is found that thinner Si₃N₄ coating of 0.2 μm results in better fatigue lives of Si₃N₄/Si beams than thicker Si₃N₄ coating of 0.4 μm. Both thinner and thicker coated beams have major fatigue crack planes along {1 1 1} planes; however, thicker coated beams possess specific failure mode of delamination, which is not found in thinner coated beams. Delamination reduces the reinforcing effect of thicker Si₃N₄ coating and leads to its shorter fatigue life. For thicker coated beams, fatigue life at 100 Hz is longer than that at 40 Hz. The mechanism for delamination and the effect of cyclic frequency is investigated, and factors for better fatigue life are proposed.     

Facile synthesis of boron nitride coating on carbon nanotubes

Boron nitride (BN) coating on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was synthesized by the direct reaction of NaBH₄ and NH₄Cl in the temperature range of 500–600 °C. X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the formation of BN coating. It is revealed that the BN coating follows the shape of CNTS without damaging the surface of CNTs, and the elements B and N distribute homogenously along the whole CNTs without chemical bonds between carbon and BN layers. Besides, the oxidation resistance of the CNTs improved a lot after being coated with BN.     

Laser and GTAW torch processing of Fe–Cr–B coatings on steel

A comparison has been made of the relationship between microstructure and microhardness developed by surface melting Nanosteel SHS 7170 Fe–Cr–B alloy powder onto a plain carbon steel surface. This powder was initially developed as a high velocity oxyfuel sprayed coating, giving a strength 10 times that of mild steel, and is particularly suitable for surface protection against wear and corrosion. In the present study, the alloy powder was injected into the laser melted surface, while a preplaced powder was melted using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) technique. The laser track consisted of fine dendrites and needle-like microstructures, which produced a maximum hardness value of over 800 HV, while the GTAW track produced a mixture of equiaxed and columnar grain microstructures with a maximum hardness value of 670 HV. The lower hardness values are considered to be associated with dilution and grain size.     

Development of high oxidation resistant coating of nanostructured MgO on carbon nanotubes via simple precipitation technique in Mg/CO gas system

The synthesis of oxide-coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by a simple precipitation reaction in Mg/CO gaseous system was studied. The results showed that nanostructured MgO could be uniformly coated on the surface of CNTs via inhomogeneous Mg_(g) and CO_(g) precipitation reaction. Furthermore, we have developed a mixing procedure based on simultaneous agitation and ultra-sonication in order to break CNT bundles and prepare highly dispersed starting materials. By applying such mixing procedure, dispersed and distinct nano-oxide coated CNTs were synthesized which can be efficiently utilized in different composite matrices. Oxidation resistance of samples was investigated by DSC/TG thermal analysis. The results showed that oxide-coated CNTs present superior resistance against oxidation even at rather elevated temperature of 1000 °C and total weight loss of coated CNTs was measured to be less than 1 wt% during heat treatment at such temperature. Finally, coating adhesion was evaluated employing ultrasonic waves (as mechanical force) and subsequent weight loss measurement at temperature of 1000 °C.     

基于涂层厚度模型的机器人喷涂轨迹规划研究

为了实现大型复杂曲面的喷涂轨迹规划,提出一种基于涂层厚度模型的高铁白车身机器人喷涂轨迹规划方法。基于静态涂层厚度的椭圆双β分布模型,分析喷涂的累计涂层厚度分布规律,提出一种用于评估相对不均匀性的指标RU,并基于RU指标,通过轨迹重叠的方式保证了涂层厚度的一致性。通过曲曲面的分割与合并,实现了喷涂区域的划分,同时基于包围盒法确定了机器人喷涂路径点空间坐标信息。实验结果表明：基于涂层厚度模型的轨迹规划方法能够有效保证喷涂效果的均匀性,并成功应用于高铁白车身的机器人喷涂加工,显著提升了喷涂质量与效率。     

A chromium carbide coating in-situ formed on C/C composites by the novel reactive wetting strategy to enhance oxidation resistance

A chromium carbide (Cr-C) coating in-situ formed on the C/C substrate is successfully prepared by a novel reactive wetting strategy. The interfacial microstructure and oxidation resistance of coated C/C composites are investigated in detail. The as-prepared coating mainly consists of Cr₂₃C₆ and Cr₇C₃, forming a tight joining with the C/C substrate. Compared to uncoated samples, the oxidation weight loss of coated C/C composites is substantially reduced at high temperatures. Furthermore, the hardness of coated C/C composites is significantly increased, enhancing their ability to resist external damage. This reactive wetting strategy can also be used to prepare uniform coatings on C/C composites with complex grooved structure or large size. Surprisingly, coated C/C composites possess a low weight gain of 3.7% due to thin coating (< 10 µm), which can maintain their advantage of low density.