A novel processing scheme for core – shell nano composites using controlled polymer adsorption

 A new processing scheme has been developed for the preparation of core-shell structured composite particles that can be used as building blocks for the fabrication of nanocomposites [1]. The scheme is a two stage coating process utilizing controlled polymer adsorption and bridging in which a layer of nano sized particles is bridged onto submicron sized core particles. The coating process is monitored using electrokinetic techniques as well as SEM. The controlled coating process was used also to prepare multilayer nanocomposites. The application of the coating process to concentrated suspensions (15 volume percent) required in ceramic processing was shown to be feasible. Ceramic compacts were successfully prepared using pressure filtration methods and tested for their green density and flexibility. Received: 18 October 1998/Revised and accepted: 1 December 1998     

pH值、无机电解质对PAE和CMC在纤维上吸附量的影响

通过测量纸浆Zeta电位以及聚合电解质的吸附量等方法,研究了pH值和无机电解质对阳离子聚酰胺-环氧氯丙烷树脂(PAE)和阴离子羧甲基纤维素(CMC)在纤维表面吸附量的影响。实验结果证明吸附量随纸浆悬浮液中无机电解质浓度的升高先增大后减小;随pH值的升高而增大。     

胶体法和溶胶-凝胶法制备Y-Ba-Cu-O体材料和厚膜

本文报道了用胶体法和溶胶一凝胶法制备高T_cYBCO体材料和厚膜的主要结果。胶体法体材料样品的T_(co)和J_c分别达到89.7K和613安/厘米~2;溶胶-凝胶法体材料样品的T_(co)和J_c分别为90.1K和—400安/厘米~2。在钇稳定的ZrO_2陶瓷基片上,溶胶-凝胶法YBCO厚膜样品的T_c(起始)=93K,T_(co)=89.7K,△T_c=2.1K,J_c=130安/厘米~2。     

A reusable capacitive immunosensor with a novel immobilization procedure based on 1,6-hexanedithiol and nano-Au self-assembled layers

A novel immobilization procedure of antibody proteins for capacitive immunosensing, based on thiolor sulfur compound (1,6-hexanedithiol, HDT) and colloid Au layers is proposed. The insulating organic monolayer film was first formed by the spontaneous assembly of HDT from solution onto gold. When these thiol-rich surfaces are exposed to Au colloid, the sulfurs form strong bonds to gold nanoparticles, anchoring the clusters to the electrode substrate. After the assembly of gold nanoparticles layer, the original formed organic thiols surface was restored, and a new nano-Au surface was obtained. Thus, the antibody could be immobilized through electrostatic adsorption between nano-Au and the antibody proteins. After use, the formed immunocomplex layer can be rinsed out, via a saline solution with extreme pH. Therefore, the immunosensor can be regenerated repeatedly, highlighting a clear advantage of this new approach with respect to classical immunoassays employing covalent immobilization.     

Applications and limitations of the colloid titration method for measuring activated sludge surface charges

Surface charge quantification of polymer solutions and sludge suspensions were investigated by the colloid titration technique and compared to charge densities obtained by pH-titration. The colloid titration technique worked well for polymer samples. The charge quantity of humic acid and activated sludge extracellular polymers (EPS) was estimated to be -1.51 and -0.42 meq/g, respectively. These values are reasonable when compared to pH-titration results. The surface charge of activated sludge particles appears to be below the limit of detection. However, surface charge estimates are obtained, when the reactant doses and sample concentration are increased. It is suggested that such estimates are not correct, but artefacts of the non-stoichiometric precipitation of the polymeric reactants at high doses. It appears that the colloid titration method is limited to conditions of low reactant doses and valid for charge determination of extracted sludge polymers, whereas the method is not valid for charge determination of whole sludge.     

浅谈青年教师参与胶体与界面化学教学改革的几点体会

本文分别从加强基础理论教学、理论联系实际、提高综合素质和营造和谐教学氛围四个方面,就青年教师参与胶体与界面化学课教学改革进行了分析,并提出了今后努力的方向。     

CRITERIA FOR SUPERSATURATION IN GAS LIQUID REACTIONS INVOLVING TWO VOLATILE PRODUCTS

Supersaturation criteria has been developed for gas absorption accompanied by chemical reaction resulting in the formation of two volatile products.     

Recovery of eicosapentaenoic acid from fungal mycelia by solvent extraction

Utilization of lipids containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) produced by microorganisms requires processes for their efficient recovery from microbial cells. Recovery of EPA from mycelia of the fungusPythium irregulare by solvent extraction with hexane-isopropanol (HIP) in a pilot-plant colloid mill was investigated. Extraction efficiencies of 96% for lipid and EPA were achieved with a 3∶2 (vol/vol) HIP mixture by milling wet, filtered mycelia for 5 min at a solvent/dry solids ratio of 100 L/kg. The process yielded a crude extract that contained up to 96% lipid and an EPA content as high as 24% (with no selectivity for EPA).     

溶胶—凝胶法制备掺入金胶粒的非线性光学凝胶玻璃

以柠檬酸酸钠还原氯金（Ⅲ）酸,得到金的胶体溶液。以正硅酸甲酯为先驱体,经溶胶－凝胶法,使金胶粒均匀地分布到二氧化硅凝胶中,制出了具有一定机械强度的凝胶玻璃片,并对其进行了透光率及三阶非线性性质的研究。结果表明其三阶非线性极化率Ｘ＾（３）在１０＾－１２ｅｓｕ数量级。     

Transport and retention of a bacteriophage and microspheres in saturated, angular porous media: effects of ionic strength and grain size

Eight saturated column experiments were conducted to examine the effects of solution chemistry and grain size on the transport of colloids through crushed silica sand. Two sizes of colloids, 0.025-μm bacteriophage (MS-2) and 1.5-μm carboxylated microspheres, were used as surrogates for the transport of pathogenic viruses and bacteria, respectively. Increasing the Ca²⁺ concentration from 1 to 4.8 mM (along with background monovalent ions) resulted in complete attenuation (>6-log decrease in C/C₀) of MS-2, but caused only a 1-log reduction (C/C₀ = 0.1) in the concentration of the microspheres. Decreasing grain size from medium sand (d₅₀ = 0.70 mm) to fine sand (d₅₀ = 0.34 mm) resulted in substantial decreases in effluent concentrations of both the MS-2 (5-log decrease) and microspheres (>2.5-log decrease). Comparison of observed colloid retention to that predicted by a recently published correlation equation for colloid filtration revealed that the model can considerably underpredict (by 4 orders of magnitude or more) colloid retention by angular sand over distances as short as 20 cm. This indicates that state-of-the-art colloid filtration models are still limited in applicability to natural systems.