塑钢门窗专用中空密封剂的研制

塑钢门窗专用中空密封剂是以聚硫橡胶为基料的两组分密封剂，由胶体和固化剂两部分组成。文中主要考察了中空密封剂胶体的制备时间，制备温度，也考察了聚硫橡胶的质量百分含量对胶体性能的影响，在常温常压下考察了固化剂用量，密封剂的耐水性，耐化学试剂性，最后确定了中空密封剂胶体的最佳制备条件。     

Composite colloids and patterning

Over the past decade, the synthesis and application of various composite colloids and their ordered patterning have received considerable attention. We summarize the recent progress in morphology and composition control of various spherical, non-spherical composite colloids and their patterning. Hollow colloids, ellipsoidal colloids and their patterning are highlighted for their unique properties as well as broad applications.     

乳化炸药生产中螺杆泵和胶体磨的使用安全性

讨论了螺杆泵和胶体磨在乳化炸药生产中的使用安全性 ,提出了生产中应注意的问题及工艺、设备的改进措施和建议 ,对乳化炸药的安全生产有一定的指导意义     

ANALYSIS OF DIFFUSE PARENCHYMAL LIVER DISEASE BY LIVER SCINTIGRAMS: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS USING FUZZY INFERENCE AND GENETIC ALGORITHM IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE

In nuclear medicine, diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal liver disease such as chronic hepatitis (CH) or liver cirrhosis (LC) is evaluated by size and distortion of the liver, distribution of radioactive tracer in the liver, size and activities of the tracer in the spleen, the degree of visualization of the bone marrow, etc. using colloid liver scintigraphy, It is not difficult to read a scintigram for a typical pattern; however in some cases it is difficult to distinguish between normal and CH or CH and LC visually. Therefore, we tried to use fuzzy inferences to perform differential diagnosis. Using fuzzy inference, differential diagnosis of LC could be performed up to 100%, but those of CH and Severe fibrosis (SF) could not be performed sufficiently. Therefore genetic algorithm was tried to determine the fuzzy rules. By combining genetic algorithm and fuzzy inference, CH, SF, and LC could be differentiated to the degree 70%, 60%, and 100%, respectively.     

硅溶胶的胶团结构和干燥胶凝过程--对硅溶胶型壳的几点认识之一

介绍了硅溶胶的胶团结构，胶团由胶核、吸附层和扩散层组成。硅溶胶中的水分由自由水、吸附水和结构水3部分组成。计算了硅溶胶开始胶凝的失水率和胶凝区范围。     

Growth of covellite crystal onto azurite surface during sulfurization and its response to flotation behavior

In this work, the growth of copper sulfide crystal onto azurite surfaces during sulfurization and its response to flotation are investigated. Filed emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed that the sulfurization of azurite is not limited to the mineral surface, but rather penetrates into the bulk to form covellite crystal (syn-CuS), creating favorable conditions for the stable adsorption of xanthate and greatly promoting the azurite flotation. Additionally, as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analyses, a redox reaction occurred during this process, and Cu(Ⅱ) onto the mineral surface was reduced to Cu(I). Correspondingly, reduced S^2- was oxidized to (S₂)^2-, (S_n)^2-, and even to deeper oxidation state S⁰, (S_xO_y)^n- and SO₄^2-. Excess sodium sulfide strengthens copper sulfide to form onto the azurite surface, and provides enough raw material for crystal copper sulfide to grow, resulting in the formation of “flake-like” covellite with a better crystallinity. However, the floatability of azurite decreased dramatically under this condition, because the generated massive colloidal copper sulfide in flotation pulp deteriorates the flotation environment, resulting in a decreased effective adsorption of collector onto azurite surfaces.     

热处理参数对金红玻璃着色性能影响

本文对Au^＋掺杂R2O-PbO-B2O3-SiO2系统金红玻璃的制备工艺与着色机理进行了研究，分析了热处理制度对金红玻璃着色性能的影响。利用紫外-可见光谱对热处理后金红玻璃吸收曲线进行了测试。研究结果表明，在560～600℃温度范围内热处理，可制备出吸收峰在530nm左右而呈紫红色的金红玻璃。     

等同的平板型高电位胶体颗粒的强相互作用

在高电位的条件下,PB方程中的双曲正弦可以简化为指数函数,由此导出了高电位等同平板型颗粒的相互作用力与相互作用能的近似表达式。由于PB方程简化的原因,当颗粒之间的距离较远时,表达式发散,所以,它的使用范围在kh<2π,精确的位置在kh≤4。使用杰列金法,或改进的杰列金法,又求出高电位球颗粒的相互作用能,这些近似表达式和精确的数值解相比,吻合的相当好,而且电位越高,精确度越好。     

Collision efficiency distribution of a bacterial suspension flowing through porous media and implications for field-scale transport

The collision efficiency (alpha) distribution of a bacterial population was determined using multiple packed-bed columns of varying lengths and analyzing the bacteria clean-bed breakthrough concentrations using a distributed colloid filtration theory. This technique allows the alpha distribution to be determined independently from other effects that can cause non-exponential deposition, including detachment and blocking. It was found that multiple probability density functions (PDF's) could accurately replicate the experimental data. Regardless of which PDF was used, a distributed alpha resulted in significantly greater predicted field-scale transport than when using a single alpha. However, there were wide variations in the predicted field-scale transport between the different distributions, suggesting that lab-scale experiments may not be readily utilized to determine the specific PDF that best represents alpha at the field scale. Finally, blocking was observed in the column effluent curves, underscoring the fact that if non-clean-bed processes occur then an approach such as that utilized in the current study may be used to separate the non-clean-bed and clean-bed processes when determining the collision efficiency distribution.     

Colloid and heavy metal transport at landfill sites in direct contact with groundwater

Colloids are ubiquitous in aquatic systems and are suspected of facilitating contaminant transport. At sites where the disposed waste is in direct contact with ground water, two main prerequisites for colloidal transport are fulfilled: these two prerequisites are a high concentration of colloids and many different contaminants, some that are very unlikely to be transported in an aqueous solution. In our investigation, three landfill sites with different historical background and hydrogeological conditions were examined. The colloids upstream, downstream, and inside the waste disposal sites were characterized with respect to their size distribution and chemical composition. The particle concentration upgradient and downgradient of the sites were 2-23 and 8-80 mg/L, respectively. Inside the waste disposal sites the particle concentration was 160-870 mg/L. The particles upgradient reflected the mineral composition of the aquifer, with calcareous colloids and silicates dominating the composition. Downgradient of the sites, we saw an increase of iron-precipitates and salt colloids, together with organic colloids. However, the downgradient colloids were significantly different from the colloids and particles inside of the disposal sites with respect to their size and chemical composition. Colloids inside the disposal sites reflected the waste composition and degradation. The association of heavy metal ions to colloids and particles showed a surprisingly high fraction of dissolved metal ions. We determined that the lowest metal ion concentrations (less than 20% of the total concentration) were associated with the colloid size class between 10 nm and 1 microm, which is considered most mobile in porous systems. The association of Fe and Mn to colloids was dominated by the redox conditions inside the disposal sites, where there was a reducing environment, Fe and Mn were dissolved. Outside the disposal sites, where there was an oxidizing environment, these metals formed colloids and particles >1 microm. Together with these particles, As was precipitating. For other metal ions (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn), we determined an association to colloids coinciding roughly with the colloid size distribution. The results suggest that the change of hydrochemical conditions at the interface, from a reducing, high ionic strength environment inside of the disposal sites to an oxidizing, low ionic strength environment in the groundwater together with physical filtration effects for the larger particles, is an effective chemical barrier for colloids. Field observations suggest, that the colloids form a rather persistent coating around the aquifer matrix that reduces the hydraulic conductivity and enhances the sorption capacity of the aquifer close to the waste disposal sites. In every case, there was an increase of the contaminant concentrations downstream of the waste disposal sites, but the increase was less than expected from the initial transport calculations, which were under the assumption that there was a direct contact between the waste disposal site and the groundwater. It seems more than likely, that under the given conditions, colloids are contributing to a self sealing layer at the landfill bottom. The results of this study are relevant for the assessment of many landfills without appropriate landfill sealing systems.