检测霜霉威的两种方法的比较

目的比较胶体金法与液相色谱-质谱质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)在霜霉威检测中的应用。证实胶体金试纸检测蔬菜中霜霉威残留的可靠性,并以此为基础建立一个新的检测手段。方法通过胶体金试纸条半定量方法检测的试样,再用液/质谱法联用定量检测试样中的霜霉威。结果胶体金试纸检测为阴性的100个试样,经液/质谱法联用检测结果为未检出,符合率为100%。添加霜霉威的胶体金试纸检测阳性的试样经液/质谱法联用检测,符合率为100%,添加的Cutoff值样品回收率达到93%。结论与液/质联用检测法相比较,胶体金法检测霜霉威具有操作简便、观察直观、快速、省时的特点,特异性强、敏感性较高,从而为检测霜霉威提供了一种快速的检测方法。     

Colloid-facilitated effects on migration of radionuclides in fractured rock with a kinetic solubility-limited dissolution model

<正>Nuclides can move with groundwater either as solutes or colloids,where the latter mechanism generally results in much shorter traveling time as the nuclides interact strongly with solid phases,such as actinides.In the performance assessment,it is therefore essential to assess the relative importance of these two transport mechanisms for different nuclides.The relative importance of colloids depends on the nature and concentration of the colloids in groundwater.Plutonium(Pu),neptunium(Np),uranium(U) and americium(Am) are four nuclides of concern for the long-term emplacement of nuclear wastes at potential repository sites.These four actinides have a high potential for migrating if attached to iron oxide,clay or silica colloids in the groundwater.Strong sorption of the actinides by colloids in the groundwater may facilitate the transport of these nuclides along potential flow paths.The solubility-limited dissolution model can be used to assess the safety of the release of nuclear waste in geological disposal sites.Usually,it has been assumed that the solubility of the waste form is constant.If a nuclide reaches its solubility limit at an inner location near the waste form,it is unlikely that the same nuclide will reach its solubility limit at an outer location unless this nuclide has a parent nuclide.It is unlikely that the daughter nuclides will exceed their solubility limit due to decay of their parent nuclide.The present study investigates the effect of colloids on the transport of solubility-limited nuclides under the kinetic solubility-limited dissolution(KSLD) boundary condition in fractured media.The release rate of the nuclides is proportional to the difference between the saturation concentration and the inlet aqueous concentration of the nuclides.The presence of colloids decreases the aqueous concentration of nuclides and,thus,increases the release flux of nuclides from the waste form.     

用乙酸乙酯—硫醚脱除渣油中沥青和镍

采用极性溶剂乙酸乙酯(E)-硫醚(S)脱除胜利减压渣油中沥青和金属Ni,考察了渣油胶体的沉降行为,得到了脱沥青油(DAO)高收率和金属Ni脱除率(D_(Ni))最佳实验室条件:E-S组成比90:10(重),溶剂比30(重),常压下0℃沉降,DAO为59％,D_(Ni)为63％。同时脱油沥青可改质为建筑或道路沥青。进而研究了胜利减压渣油中Ni化合物的分布,应用XRD分析了C_5~0沥青质,探讨了E-S脱沥青脱金属Ni的机制.     

胶体推力器的研究进展及关键技术

胶体推力器是一种静电式推力器,具有比冲高、可控精度高等优点,在微小卫星的姿态控制、轨道转移等领域具有广泛的应用前景。目前国内对胶体推力器的研究还不够成熟,尚处于起步阶段。简述了胶体推力器的结构组成、工作原理和主要特点,重点介绍了胶体推力器的发展过程,以及在设计制造中涉及的一些关键技术,即发射极毛细管制造技术、推进剂供给元件制造技术、中和技术、长寿命问题和微推力测量技术,为我国胶体推力器后续的发展提供一定的参考。     

无机胶体对超铀核素的存在形态影响的研究

本文主要研究了几种超铀核素（^237Np,^238Pu和^241Am)的黄土含水层地下水中的胶体形态，及两种无机胶体（膨润土胶体及氢氧化铁胶体）对这些超铀核素形态的影响。研究结果表明，（1）在中国辐射防护研究院野外实验基地地下水中，^238Pu放置24h和48h，以胶体＋悬浮物形态存在的份额，分别达到82％和95％.^237Np不易形成真胶体，几乎全部以离子态存在。（2）该地下水中加入膨润土胶体的浓度从0到100mg/L时，^237Np以胶体存在的份额由0增加到13％。混合核素的胶体份额也略有增加。加入Fe(OH)3胶体，使混合核素胶体＋悬浮物的份额大大增加。     

粘土胶驱油组分模型模拟器

粘土胶可进行深度堵水调剖驱油，且经济投入少，增油效果明显。考虑粘土胶的成胶、运移机理和室内物理模拟驱替实验结果，研究粘土胶驱油渗流问题，建立反映粘土胶输运特征的数学模型（对流及扩散质量守恒方程，运动方程，浓度方程，饱和度方程，毛管压力方程，粘度方程，渗透率变化方程，盐敏性方程，吸附方程，离子交换方程，乳化方程，相对渗透率方程，阻力系数方程），研制了适于粘土胶驱替流动的八组分（水，油，粘土胶，总阴离子，钙离子，镁离子，钠离子，多种助剂）模型模拟器。分析了粘土胶驱中段塞浓度大小、乳化强度、盐敏特性与驱油效率的作用关系。为油田的合理开发和经营决策提供了有效的数值模拟手段。建议进一步试验并推广粘土胶驱油。表３参２（陈志宏摘）     

微生物对胶态分散凝胶体系成胶性能的影响

研究分析了多种微生物对胶态分布凝胶（CDG）体系的作用，结果表明，多种微生物（如腐生菌，硫酸盐还原菌，铁细菌，已酸菌等）都会对CDG体系成胶过程中及成胶后的粘度产生影响，使体系粘度迅速下降。在此基础上，对杀菌剂与CDG体系之间的关系做出了初步评价。认为在DCG体系中加入适当浓度的杀菌剂，能够保证CDG体系在地层厌氧条件下的稳定性，该研究结果为矿场试验中应用CDG体系进行调剖驱油提供了实验依据。     

Heterogeneity of natural organic matter from the Chena River,Alaska

Water samples were collected in July 2001 from the Chena River in central Alaska. The natural organic matter (NOM) was size fractionated into particulate (POM,>0.45 microm), colloidal (COM,1kDa-0.45 microm) and dissolved (DOM,<1k Da) organic matter fractions, using filtration and ultrafiltration. The size-fractionated organic matter was then analyzed for organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N), isotopic (delta13C and delta15N) and molecular composition, using continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Results of phase partitioning showed that, on average, about 6% of OC and 16% of N occurred in the form of POM while 66% of OC and 57% of N occurred in the form of COM, and 28% of the OC and 27% of the N were in the DOM form. Organic matter in the river water was found to be highly heterogeneous in terms of chemical composition and isotopic signatures. The C/N ratio was as low as 16+/-1 in the POM (n=2) to as high as 48+/-1 in the COM (n=3) and 38+/-4 in the DOM (n=3), suggesting a diagenetically younger POM. Values of delta13C increased with decreasing size, varying from -29.59+/-0.45% in the POM to -27.47+/-0.06% in the COM to -16.93+/-0.08% in the DOM. In contrast, values of delta15N decreased with decreasing size, from 2.64% in POM to 1.64% in COM to 1.33% in DOM. These results, together with radiocarbon measurements, suggest a preferential decomposition of lighter C isotope (12C) and heavier N isotopic (15N) from POM to COM to DOM. Results of py-GC/MS showed that the percentage of polysaccharides decreased with decreasing size, further supporting a degradation pathway of NOM from POM to COM and DOM in Chena River waters. More studies are needed to examine the seasonal and spatial variations of size-fractionated organic matter.     

50％硫胶悬剂的研制

本文详细介绍了50％硫腔悬剂的制造方法及对产品进行质量评价的方法。