制备条件对铜铬催化剂酸性质的影响

为了研究制备条件对铜铬催化剂酸性质的影响,建立了铜铬催化剂酸性质的检测方法,并采用共沉淀方法研制了不同制备条件的铜铬催化剂,通过SEM 对晶貌的分析得出,催化剂的酸性质与催化剂晶貌有关。通过Thanable假说和Seiyama假说建立了铜铬二元氧化物模型,分析得出,处于无定形状态的铜铬催化剂,其酸中心主要由一元氧化物氧化铜和氧化铬本身带来的,而处于结晶态的铜铬催化剂,其酸中心除了由一元氧化物本身带来的之外,还由于氧化铜和氧化铬混合的不均匀引起的B酸中心的增加。从而表明,铜铬二元氧化物的晶粒越小,晶粒越均匀,催化剂的酸性质越弱,B酸比例越小,相反则越强。     

Cu_2O空心微球光催化降解生活污水

以硫酸铜为铜源,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为表面修饰剂,水合肼为还原剂,在水溶液中制备纳米氧化亚铜颗粒构成的空心微球。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱等手段对样品进行表征,并研究了氧化亚铜空心微球对生活污水的光催化降解性能。研究结果表明,氧化亚铜空心微球壳厚20～30nm,直径170～220nm,在400～700nm波长范围有较强吸收,对生活污水有明显的光催化降解效果。     

Role and importance of oxidized nitrogen oxide adspecies on the mechanism and dynamics of reaction over copper-based catalysts

The formation of nitrate and NO₂ adspecies over Cu/MFI and copper-on-alumina catalysts and their role in the mechanism of reaction is discussed on the basis of FT-IR results and catalytic tests in unsteady-state conditions. Three specific cases are discussed: (i) reduction of NO by propane/O₂ over Cu/MFI, (ii) conversion of NO by NH₃/O₂ over copper-on-alumina catalysts and (iii) oxygen-promoted reduction of NO in the absence of reductants over Cu/MFI. The formation of nitrate species leads to self-deactivation, but Cu²⁺-NO₂ like adspecies are suggested to be a key intermediate in the reduction of NO to N₂ in all three cases examined.     

聚酰胺胺树状大分子与Cu2+、Co2+配位作用的比较

用发散法合成了G3．5和G4．0的聚酰胺胺（PAMAM）树状大分子，研究了聚酰胺胺树状大分子的代数、溶液的pH值、反应时间对聚酰胺胺树状大分子与Cu^2＋、Co^2＋配位作用的影响。结果表明，当G4．0的聚酰胺胺树状大分子存在时，Cu^2＋和Co^2＋的配合物水溶液的最大吸收波长都出现了蓝移。当G3．5的聚酰胺胺树状大分子存在时，G3．5的聚酰胺胺树状大分子几乎不和Co^2＋发生配位作用。延长反应时间，Co^2＋／G4．0PAMAM的吸收强度增加，但是Cu^2＋／G4．0PAMAM的吸收曲线几乎没有变化。溶液的pH值对G4．0的聚酰胺胺树状分子与Cu^2＋，Co^2＋配位作用有很大的影响，这为其循环使用提供了理论基础。     

Microstructures and tensile behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced Cu matrix nanocomposites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as an ideal reinforcement to improve the mechanical performance of monolithic materials. However, the CNT/metal nanocomposites have shown lower strength than expected. In this study, the CNT reinforced Cu matrix nanocomposites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of high energy ball-milled nano-sized Cu powders with multi-wall CNTs, and followed by cold rolling process. The microstructure of CNT/Cu nanocomposites consists of two regions including CNT/Cu composite region, where most CNTs are distributed, and CNT free Cu matrix region. The stress–strain curves of CNT/Cu nanocomposites show a two-step yielding behavior, which is caused from the microstructural characteristics consisting of two regions and the load transfer between these regions. The CNT/Cu nanocomposites show a tensile strength of 281 MPa, which is approximately 1.6 times higher than that of monolithic Cu. It is confirmed that the key issue to enhance the strength of CNT/metal nanocomposite is homogeneous distribution of CNTs.     

Effect of high temperature annealing on texture and microstructure on an AISI-444 ferritic stainless steel

AISI 444 is a Mo-alloyed ferritic stainless steel which presents good naphthenic corrosion resistance, making it attractive for applications in petroleum refining plants; however, good formability is also important. To achieve good formability with this alloy the annealing process is crucial. The annealing temperature in ferritic stainless steel is usually around 850 °C, which falls in the range of sigma phase precipitation. A means to avoid this precipitation is to anneal at temperatures around 1000 °C followed by rapid cooling. Annealing at high temperatures can cause grain growth and carbide or nitride precipitation which can result in a reduction of room temperature toughness. In this paper, the rolling and recrystallization textures of AISI 444 steel were studied in samples cold rolled with different thickness reductions (30%, 60%, 80% and 90%) followed by annealing at 955, 980 and 1010 °C. Aspects of grain size and carbide precipitation after annealing were characterized using EBSD and AFM. The material drawability was analyzed through strain rate or Lankford (r) coefficients calculated from texture results.     

Preparation and characterization of sputtered Cu films containing insoluble Nb

Copper films containing various amounts of insoluble Nb (up to 24.7 at.%) were prepared by r.f. magnetron sputtering. The crystallography and microstructure of the films were investigated for as-deposited and annealed Cu(Nb) thin films. Cu(Nb) thin films are found to consist of non-equilibrium supersaturated solid solution of Nb in Cu with a nanocrystalline microstructure. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses revealed a reduction in the grain sizes of the films with increasing Nb content in the films leading to a grain refinement. The electrical resistivity of as-deposited and annealed Cu(Nb) thin films is found to be low for an Nb content 2.7 at.%. Significant drops in the resistivity were observed for the high Nb contents after annealing at 530 °C which may be due to grain growth and formation of Nb-bearing phase in the film. Microhardness of the films was found to increase with the Nb concentration due to the combined effects of grain refinement and the solute strengthening of Nb.     

CuO formation control as a function of mixed ratio of Cu-free powders in the synthesis of YBCO superconductors on Cu substrates

YBa₂Cu₃O_x (Y123) superconducting films were fabricated on Cu substrates using a simple screen-printing method, from Cu-free powders (Y₂O₃ and BaCO₃). In the process, CuO, which causes superconducting properties of Y123 films to deteriorate, was formed on the film surface. By varying the atomic ratio of Y to Ba (Y:Ba = 1:1∼1:4), the ratio needed to prevent CuO formation was found for the film surface that had been heat-treated at 980^∘C for 17 s. The film, with the ratio of Y to Ba (Y:Ba = 1:1), is reheat-treated at 930^∘C for 9 min 30 s to form a superconducting Y123 phase. It was possible to prevent CuO formation by controlling the ratio of Cu-free powders in the mixture and to fabricate YBCO superconductors on Cu substrates using a two-step heat-treatment.     

氧化铝颗粒增强铜基复合材料线切割加工研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备了Al2O3/CU复合材料.研究了电参数对复合材料线切割加工速度和表面粗糙度的影响;用扫描电镜分析了复合材料线切割加工表面的SEM形貌.结果表明:选用较大的峰值电流和较短的脉冲宽度,可对复合材料进行较理想的电火花线切割加工;复合材料加工表面是由相互重叠的放电凹坑和凸缘组成,表面粘附有基体金属的球形熔滴和Al2O3颗粒.     

Impact of Transition-Metal Contamination on Oxygen Precipitation in Czochralski Silicon Under Rapid Thermal Processing

研究了快速热处理工艺下直拉单晶硅中过渡族金属铜、镍对内吸杂工艺中氧沉淀形成规律的影响.实验结果表明:在快速热处理工艺下,间隙铜对氧沉淀几乎没有影响,铜沉淀却能显著地促进氧沉淀的形成;而间隙镍或镍沉淀对氧沉淀的形成都没有影响.基于实验结果并结合氧沉淀的形核理论,对金属铜、镍对氧沉淀的影响机理进行了解释.