基于一阶矩的无乘法DFT算法

为快速实现短信号序列的离散傅里叶变换,提出一种基于一阶矩的无乘法DFT算法。通过数学推导将离散傅里叶变换的计算转换为一阶矩的计算,利用1-网络法实现一阶矩的运算。该算法的计算过程仅涉及加法运算,并能独立计算DFT频域系数。实验结果证明了算法的有效性,特别是在某些条件下优于现有的快速傅里叶算法。     

First Principles Analysis of the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol and Carbon Monoxide

The strong drive to commercialize fuel cells for portable as well as transportation power sources has led to the tremendous growth in fundamental research aimed at elucidating the catalytic paths and kinetics that govern the electrode performance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Advances in theory over the past decade coupled with the exponential increases in computational speed and memory have enabled theory to become an invaluable partner in elucidating the surface chemistry that controls different catalytic systems. Despite the significant advances in modeling vapor-phase catalytic systems, the widespread use of first principle theoretical calculations in the analysis of electrocatalytic systems has been rather limited due to the complex electrochemical environment. Herein, we describe the development and application of a first-principles-based approach termed the double reference method that can be used to simulate chemistry at an electrified interface. The simulations mimic the half-cell analysis that is currently used to evaluate electrochemical systems experimentally where the potential is set via an external potentiostat. We use this approach to simulate the potential dependence of elementary reaction energies and activation barriers for different electrocatalytic reactions important for the anode of the direct methanol fuel cell. More specifically we examine the potential-dependence for the activation of water and the oxidation of methanol and CO over model Pt and Pt alloy surfaces. The insights from these model systems are subsequently used to test alternative compositions for the development of improved catalytic materials for the anode of the direct methanol fuel cell.     

The influence of some new 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles on the corrosion behaviour of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution: AC impedance study and theoretical approach

The new 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles were investigated as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in 1 M HCl using AC impedance technique. Four of these compounds exhibit good inhibition properties, while two of them, 2,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 2,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, stimulate the corrosion process especially at low concentrations. The experimental data obtained from this method show a frequency distribution and therefore a modelling element with frequency dispersion behaviour, a constant phase element (CPE) has been used. Possible correlations between experimental inhibition efficiencies and quantum chemical parameters such as dipole moment (μ), highest occupied (E_HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (E_LUMO) molecular orbitals were investigated. The models of the inhibitors were optimised with the Density Functional Theory formalism (DFT) using hybrid B3LYP/6-31G (2d,2p) as a higher level of theory. The Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) approach has been used and composite index of some quantum chemical parameters were constructed in order to characterize the inhibition performance of the tested molecules.     

新型抗肿瘤药物Epothilones的电子结构研究

采用量子化学和分子力学方法寻找一类新型促微管蛋白聚合的大环内酯类抗肿瘤药(Epothilones)的优势构象并进行定量构效关系的研究。通过相关性分析得知,分子的偶极矩和核-核排斥能对分子的活性差异性有显著的影响,可以通过改变C12和C15侧链来改变分子的偶极矩从而提高Epothilones的生物活性。此外,C7上的O原子和C15侧链噻唑基团上的N原子的负电荷增加,对Epothilones的生物活性的增大有利。     

Quantum chemical studies on molecular conformations,energetic and intramolecular hydrogen bonding in ground and electronic excited state of (thioxosilyl) ethyleneselenol

In this work, a conformational analysis of (thioxosilyl) ethyleneselenol was performed using several computational methods, including density-functional theory (DFT) (B3LYP), MP2 and G2MP2. Harmonic vibrational frequencies were estimated at the same levels to confirm the nature of the stationary points found and also to account for the zero point vibrational energy correction. MES-1 and TES-1 conformers exhibit hydrogen bonding. This feature, although is not the dominant factor in the stability of conformers, appears to be of foremost importance to define the geometry of the molecule. Two intramolecular hydrogen bonds established between the polar groups were identified by the structural geometric parameters. These involved the thiol and selenol functional groups and were identified and characterized by the frequency shift in their stretching vibration modes. Furthermore, the excited-state properties of intramolecular hydrogen bonding have been investigated theoretically using the time-dependent DFT method. The influence of the solvent on the stability order of conformers and the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonding was considered using the PCM (polarizable continuum model), SCI-PCM (self consistent isodensity-polarizable continuum model) and IEF-PCM (integral equation formalism-polarizable continuum model) methods. The “atoms in molecules” theory of Bader was used to analyze critical points and to study the nature of hydrogen bond in these systems. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was also performed for better understanding the nature of intramolecular interactions. The calculated highest occupiedmolecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies show that charge transfer occur within the molecule. Further verification of the obtained transition state structures was implemented via intrinsic reaction coordinate analysis. Calculations of the ¹H NMR chemical shift at the GIAO/B3LYP/6–311++G** level of theory are also presented.     

甲烷在发烟硫酸体系中部分氧化反应的热力学研究

对于甲烷在发烟硫酸溶液中液相部分氧化生成硫酸单甲酯的反应体系,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)进行了体系的热力学计算。在密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平下结合极化连续模型(PCM),优化出了硫酸溶液中各种可能存在化合物的稳定结构,并在此基础上计算了硫酸溶液中各化合物在不同温度下的热力学性质,探讨了甲烷在发烟硫酸体系中各种可能的反应途径。计算结果表明,甲烷在发烟硫酸溶液中部分氧化生成硫酸单甲酯的反应途径是可行的,其中发烟硫酸中游离的SO3起了很重要的作用。     

An exploration of corrosion inhibition of mild steel in sulphuric acid solution through experimental study and Monte Carlo simulations

Abstract

4-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methylbenzophenone (ITBP) and 4[4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methylbenzophenone (TTBP) are synthesized as new heterocyclic compounds of the triazole derivative family and tested successfully as potential inhibitors for MS in 1?M H₂SO₄ corrosive medium by using gravimetric analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Polarization curves show that the tested inhibitors are mixed-type inhibitors. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) affirmed the existence of an adsorbed film on the steel surface. Monte Carlo simulations were in excellent agreement with the experimental tests.

Abbreviation: PDP: Potentiodynamic Polarization; EIS: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; DFT: Density functional theory; MC: Monte Carlo     

Interpolymer radical coupling: A toolbox complementary to controlled radical polymerization

The current review focuses on the relevance and practical benefit of interpolymer radical coupling methods. The latter are developing rapidly and constitute a perfectly complementary macromolecular engineering toolbox to the controlled radical polymerization techniques (CRP). Indeed, all structures formed by CRP are likely to be prone to radical coupling reactions, which multiply the available synthetic possibilities. Basically, the coupling systems can be divided in two main categories. The first one, including the atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC), silane radical atom abstraction (SRAA) and cobalt-mediated radical coupling (CMRC), relies on the recombination of macroradicals produced from a dormant species. The second one, including atom transfer nitroxide radical coupling (ATNRC), single electron transfer nitroxide radical coupling (SETNRC), enhanced spin capturing polymerization (ESCP) and nitrone/nitroso mediated radical coupling (NMRC), makes use of a radical scavenger in order to promote the conjugation of the polymer chains. More than a compilation of macromolecular engineering achievements, the present review additionally aims to emphasize the particularities, synthetic potential and present limitations of each system.     

Synthesis of novel oxidizable polymerization sensitizers based on the dithiinoquinoxaline skeleton

Novel dyes, based on the dithiinoquinoxaline skeleton, were synthesized and characterized using ¹H NMR spectroscopy and chemical ionization mass spectroscopy. Their spectral properties, such as absorption, emission spectra and quantum yield of fluorescence, were also measured. Electron donating properties of the title compounds were estimated on the basis of DFT calculations. The studied dyes were used as oxidizable sensitizers for 2,4,6-tris(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine (Tz). The dye/Tz photoredox pairs were found to be effective visible-wavelength initiators of free radical polymerization. The ability of these systems to act as photoinitiators strongly depended upon the free energy change of the photoinduced electron transfer from the excited dyes to Tz. It has been shown that the intermolecular electron transfer is the limiting step in the photopolymerization initiated by these studied initiator systems.     

Molecular size evaluation of linear and branched paraffins from the gasoline pool by DFT quantum chemical calculations

A good approach of the critical molecular dimensions of 35 linear and branched C5-C8 paraffins by DFT quantum chemical calculations at B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory in gas phase is described. In this context, we found that either the determined molecular width or width-height average values can be used as critical measures in the analysis for selection of molecular sieves materials, depending on their pore size and shape. The molecular width values for linear and monosubstituted paraffins are 4.2 and 5.5 Å, respectively. In the case of disubstituted paraffins, the values are 5.5 Å for 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5- and 3,4-disubstituted and for 2,2- and 3,3-disubstituted are 6.7-7.1 Å. The values for ethyl-substituted are 6.1-6.7 Å and for trisubstituted isoparaffins are 6.7. In order to select a porous material for selective separation of isoparaffins and paraffins, the zeolite diffusivity can be correlated with the critical diameter of the paraffins according to the geometry-limited diffusion concept and the effective minimum dimensions of the molecules. The calculated values of CPK molecular volume of the titled paraffins showed a good discrimination between the number of carbons and molecular size.