污水处理过程的自适应控制

把自适应控制方法应用到污水生化处理过程中,主要是对溶解氧浓度的控制。使用双线性模型来简化溶解氧动态,对于一些不可以直接测量得到的重要过程参数,采用递推最小二乘算法来估计得到,并设置一步预测输出为期望的输出,从而得到对溶解氧浓度的最小方差自校正控制方案。仿真结果说明了空气流量和氧气吸收率(OUR)对溶解氧浓度的影响。     

水源藻类和底泥对典型嗅味物质的耦合影响

通过模拟试验研究了铜绿微囊藻、底泥以及两者的组合对水源产生典型嗅味物质——2-甲基异莰醇（2-MIB）的影响。结果表明,微囊藻在生长过程中不产生2-MIB;底泥中积存了大量的2-MIB,在厌氧状态下其会释放到水中,同时扰动也会导致底泥中的2-MIB发生快速释放;底泥能够促进微囊藻的生长,而微囊藻进入衰退期后会导致水体产生厌氧状态,促使底泥释放出2-MIB,水中的2-MIB浓度达到了594 ng/L。这项研究对于掌握湖泊水源中典型嗅味物质的产生规律以及采取措施保障供水安全具有重要的指导作用。     

有机阴离子和溶解氧对稳定纳米铁去除水中铬(Ⅵ)的影响

以硼氢化钾为还原剂,壳聚糖为稳定剂制备纳米零价铁,研究有机阴离子(柠檬酸根、草酸根和乙二胺四乙酸根)和溶解氧对壳聚糖稳定纳米铁去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响,并探讨其影响机理.结果表明,5.357 mmol·L-1的铁与0.769mmol·L-1的Cr(Ⅵ)反应80 min后,在有机阴离子浓度为4mmol·L-1时,柠檬酸根和草...     

Characterization of Phases in an as-cast Copper-Manganese-Aluminum Alloy

Copper-manganese-aluminum （CMA） alloys, containing small additions of Fe, Ni, and Si, exhibit good strength and remarkable corrosion resistance against sea water. The alloys are used in as-cast condition, and their microstructure can show wide variations. The morphology, crystallography and composition of the phases presented in an as-cast （CMA） alloy of nominal composition Cu-14%Mn-8%Al-3?-2%Ni were investigated using optical, electron optical, and microprobe analytical techniques. The as-cast microstructure consisted of the grains of fcc α and bcc β-phases alongwith intermetallic precipitates of various morphologies. The room temperature microstructure exhibited four different types of precipitates inside the α-grains： the ＇large＇ dendritic-shaped particles and the cuboid-shaped precipitates, which were rich in Fe and Mn and had an fcc structure, while the ＇small＇ dendritic-shaped particles and the globular precipitates were based on FeaAI and had DO3 structure. These four different morphologies of intermetallic precipitates exhibited discrete orientation-relationships with the α-matrix. The β-grains only contained very small cuboid shaped precipitates, which could only be resolved through transmission electron microscopy. These precipitates were found to be based on Fe3Al and had the DO3 structure.     

寿光市城北污水处理厂改良型A~2/O反应池的启动与调试

寿光市城北污水处理厂一期工程处理能力为5万m3/d,以改良型A2/O反应池为核心处理单元,进水中约有60%为工业废水。改良型A2/O反应池的启动调试历时33d,调试结束时,活性污泥性状良好,CODCr、NH3—N、TP完全达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级B标准,反硝化作用明显。结果表明,在调试期间,污泥培养方式、内回流比、好氧池DO等对该污水处理厂改良型A2/O反应池处理能力影响比较明显。     

污水生物脱氮工程技术参数的探讨

对污水生物脱氮工程设计的污泥产率系数、DO、pH、系数0.47、好氧区(池)容积计算和反硝化效率等进行了探讨,以便于设计人员更好地理解<室外排水设计规范>(GB 50014-2006),不断推进我国污水处理技术的发展和标准的管理.     

DO对低C/N比污水生物亚硝化的影响分析

采用活性污泥法SBR工艺,考察DO对亚硝化的影响。首先进行195 d的连续培养试验,得出亚硝化系统DO保持在0.2 mg/L~0.6 mg/L的范围之内,可使得到有效降解且出水亚硝化率达50%~90%;然后研究系统周期内DO的变化规律,可以考虑以12 h为一个亚硝化反应周期,若延长反应时间至16 h,将使反应有向硝酸型硝化转移的趋势;最后通过烧杯试验,得出随着系统DO浓度的升高,氨氮降解率上升、亚硝化率下降,遵循DO与氨氮降解率和亚硝化率关系的数学模式。     

污水处理中基于仿人智能的DO参数控制系统

曝气控制过程中的DO（溶解氧）值是影响污水处理水质的重要参数，DO值的高低直接影响鼓风机的曝气风量。由于活性污泥法是一个复杂的生物反应过程，难以用数学模型进行准确描述，采用常规PID控制能耗大，控制品质差，一直是困扰污水处理的难题。基于控制策略的比较研究，文章提出采用HSIC（仿人智能控制）策略来解决曝气控制过程中DO值波动的控制问题，文中给出了控制规则和控制系统结构。仿真试验表明该方法控制不仅系统动、静态品质好，节能效果也很显著，说明该控制策略是可行和有效的。     

Imaging the three orientation variants of the DO22 phase by 3D atom probe microscopy

Three-phase NiAlV alloys were investigated using a three-dimensional atom probe. Ageing at 800 °C gives rise to the precipitation of two ordered phases within the supersaturated FCC solid solution, namely Ni₃Al (L1₂ structure) and Ni₃V (DO₂₂ structure). The DO₂₂ phase has three orientation variants which need to be identified in 3DAP images. It is shown that an appropriate choice of analysis site enables us to image the chemical order within both L1₂ and DO₂₂ ordered phases and to distinguish the three orientation variants of the DO₂₂ phase in reconstructed images. The lateral resolution of 3DAP in these experimental conditions was estimated through simple considerations to be less than 0.3 nm.     

FeSiAl合金薄膜电感的研制与研究

本文采用DC直流溅射的方法研制了FeSiAl合金薄膜电感,并探讨了输入功率、靶与基板间距离等溅射成形条件及成膜速率的关系及其对薄膜电感性能的影响,同时还分析了不同状态下的FeSiAl合金薄膜的结构,讨论了产生DO3超结构的最佳工艺条件。