Robust adaptive DSC of directly input‐coupled nonlinear systems with input unmodeled dynamics and time‐varying output constraints

In this paper, an adaptive robust dynamic surface control is proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear interconnected systems with time‐varying output constraints and dynamic input and output coupling. The directly coupled inputs and control inputs are both of nonlinear input unmodeled dynamics. To counteract the instable impact of the nonlinear input unmodeled dynamics, normalization signals are designed on the basis of the convergence rates of their Lyapunov functions. With new state variables and control variables being defined, the real control inputs are obtained through solving the equations of intermediate control laws. The time‐varying constraints on output signals are implemented by introducing asymmetric barrier Lyapunov functions. In addition, dynamic signals and decentralized K‐filters are used to deal with the state unmodeled dynamics and to estimate the unmeasurable states, respectively. By the theoretical analysis, the signals in the closed‐loop system are proved to be semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the output constraints are guaranteed simultaneously. A numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of compression aging on phase transition temperatures in single crystalline Ni‐rich NiTi shape memory alloys

The present paper considers the phase transition behavior of a single crystal Ni‐rich NiTi alloy which was compression aged to produce one single family of Ni₄Ti₃ precipitates. The single crystal material was produced in a two stage process. Polycrystalline material was first melted under an inert atmosphere and remelted when single crystals were produced. Compression aging treatments in <111>‐orientation were carried out in order to suppress all but one family of Ni₄Ti₃‐precipitates which nucleate and grow on {111}‐planes of the B2 matrix. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of Ni₄Ti₃‐precipitates on the martensitic transformation behavior. It was previously shown that grain boundaries provide heterogeneous nucleation sites for the formation of Ni₄Ti₃; this results in heterogeneous microstructures which undergo multiple step martensitic transformations. Single crystals avoid grain boundaries and the present study aims at clarifying how homogeneously precipitated particles affect martensitic transformations.     

Phase transition in L-alaninium oxalate by photoacoustics

Phase transition in L-alaninium oxalate is studied by using TG, DTA and photoacoustic spectroscopy. A sharp transition at 378 K by photoacoustics is observed whereas at the same temperature the endothermic energy change observed by TG and DTA is not very sharp. This is discussed in detail with reference to the other known data for the organic crystals.     

自蔓延高温合成Ti3AlC2陶瓷材料

以Ti、Al、C、TiC粉末为原料,研究掺杂Si及Al含量对自蔓延高温合成Ti3AlC2的影响,合成材料的X射线衍射仪(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析结果表明:物质的量比n(Ti)∶n(Al)∶n(C)∶n(TiC)∶n(Si)=2∶1.2∶1∶0.9∶0.1的原始混合粉末,经50 MPa压力压制的压坯在空气中...     

Effects of nanoparticles on the nucleation and devitrification temperatures of polyol cryoprotectant solutions

To investigate the efficiency of nanoparticles as nucleation agents in polyol cryoprotectant solutions at cryogenic temperatures, the nucleation and devitrification temperatures of these solutions with different concentrations of diamond, gold, copper–nickel, and silicon nanoparticles were measured through differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that ice growth in these cryoprotectant solutions is prominently accelerated by nanoparticles and the devitrification temperatures of cryoprotectant solutions are significantly lowered by nanoparticles. These findings can be used to improve the efficiency of cell cryopreservation procedures and open numerous avenues of investigations regarding the application of nanoparticles in cryogenics.     

用DSC研究环氧树脂固化动力学

用等温DSC研究了双酚A二缩水甘油醚(E-51)与间苯二胺的固化动力学,探讨了固化机理,结果表明固化按自催化反应机理进行,体系中产生的羟基可加速反应。计算了固化反应各步的动力学参数,得到E_1=51.96kJ/mol,lnA_1=11.29,E_2=69.68kJ/mol,lnA_2=13.43。     

Predictive CFD modeling of whey protein denaturation in skim milk spray drying powder production

A new model of whey protein thermal inactivation has been combined with a CFD model developed for skim milk spray drying. Extensive evaporation and particle formation models were used to calculate particle moisture contents, temperatures and residence times. Calculated parameters were then used as input data for an experimentally developed quality model based on Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equations for inactivation kinetics. The developed quality model was implemented into the CFD code and calculated in parallel to simulations of skim milk droplets evaporation based on the characteristic drying curve approach. The quality model and the simulation procedure were validated by comparison of protein activity levels obtained from the CFD with data obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of milk powder samples collected during skim milk spray drying experiments. The simulations for different feed rates fit well with measurement results and show that the loss of whey protein activity is lower at higher feed rates, due to lower temperature fields in this case.     

面包老化研究中新技术及研究进展

面包在中国市场上所占比重越来越大同时,面包老化问题也越来越引起人们关注。该文综述近红外、核磁共振、差示热量扫描几种新技术在面包老化研究中应用进展,旨在对面包老化研究工作起到一定指导意义。     

乙烯含量对抗冲共聚PP非等温结晶行为的影响

利用DSC研究了不同结晶速率下四种具有不同乙烯含量的抗冲共聚聚丙烯的非等温结晶动力学,采用Avrami方程和Avrami-Ozawa方程的结合（莫氏法）分析了非等温结晶动力学,结果表明,四种样品的Avrami指数在5～6范围内,说明具有不同乙烯含量的四种样品中的PP的结晶方式并不随冷却速率的变化而变化.F（T）的值随结晶度的增加而增加,a的值也有相似的变化,但变化不大,表明冷却速率越快,在单位时间内的结晶度越大,结晶方式并无多大变化。     

多进制LDPC码在分布式视频编码中的应用

分布式视频编码是一种新的视频编码框架,主要用来处理具有相关性的多视频源。这种编码算法大大降低了编码端的复杂度,从而在终端受限的无线视频通信中具有很大的实用价值。介绍了分布式信源编码的原理,接着介绍了这种编码方式在视频编码上的应用,并对基于LDPC码的分布式视频编码作了分析。分别就二进制和多进制LDPC进行了讨论,由于多进制的编码方式避免了视频数据源转为二进制过程中带来的相关性丢失,因此性能上有了很大的提高。为了比较,分别基于四进制和八进制编码做出仿真,结果显示,多进制码字性能优于二进制,在分布式视频编码中有更好的应用。