Adenosine Signaling in Mast Cells and Allergic Diseases

Adenosine is a nucleoside involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Its effects are mediated through its binding to G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2a, A2b and A3. The receptors differ in the type of G protein they recruit, in the effect on adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity and the downstream signaling pathway triggered. Adenosine can produce both an enhancement and an inhibition of mast cell degranulation, indicating that adenosine effects on these receptors is controversial and remains to be clarified. Depending on the study model, A1, A2b, and A3 receptors have shown anti- or pro-inflammatory activity. However, most studies reported an anti-inflammatory activity of A2a receptor. The precise knowledge of the adenosine mechanism of action may allow to develop more efficient therapies for allergic diseases by using selective agonist and antagonist against specific receptor subtypes.     

Potential Antitumor Effects of 6-Gingerol in p53-Dependent Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Inhibition of Tumor Sphere Formation in Breast Cancer Cells

Hormone-specific anticancer drugs for breast cancer treatment can cause serious side effects. Thus, treatment with natural compounds has been considered a better approach as this minimizes side effects and has multiple targets. 6-Gingerol is an active polyphenol in ginger with various modalities, including anticancer activity, although its mechanism of action remains unknown. Increases in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to DNA damage and the induction of DNA damage response (DDR) mechanism, leading to cell cycle arrest apoptosis and tumorsphere suppression. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) promotes tumor growth by stimulating signaling of downstream targets that in turn activates tumor protein 53 (p53) to promote apoptosis. Here we assessed the effect of 6-gingerol treatment on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. 6-Gingerol induced cellular and mitochondrial ROS that elevated DDR through ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and p53 activation. 6-Gingerol also induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis by mediating the BAX/BCL-2 ratio and release of cytochrome c. It also exhibited a suppression ability of tumorsphere formation in breast cancer cells. EGFR/Src/STAT3 signaling was also determined to be responsible for p53 activation and that 6-gingerol induced p53-dependent intrinsic apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Therefore, 6-gingerol may be used as a candidate drug against hormone-dependent breast cancer cells.     

MGH956合金TLP连接机理及接头组织分析

MGH956合金是采用机械合金化方法制造的氧化物弥散强化高温合金，具有高温力学性能好、高温抗氧化和抗腐蚀性能好的综合优势。自行研制了中间层合金KCol进行MGH956合金过渡液相(TLP)扩散连接试验，分析了接头组织、成分和连接工艺的关系，确定了MGH956合金TLP扩散连接机理。同时，对MGH956合金焊接接头中产生的夹渣缺陷进行了深入的分析。结果表明：在连接温度1240℃、保温8h条件下，可以获得焊接缺陷少、完整连续的焊接接头。     

变形参数对GH4742合金动态再结晶及γ′相的影响

 为了研究不同变形参数对锻态GH4742合金动态再结晶及γ′相的影响,利用单道次等温压缩试验获得了变形温度为1 050～1 150 ℃、变形量为30%～70%、变形速率为0.1 s-1时的真应力-真应变曲线,分析了不同变形参数下真应力-真应变曲线以及峰值应力的变化规律,同时采用SEM、EBSD对不同变形参数下动态再结晶过程中的亚结构以及γ′相进行了精细表征,定量计算了基体内的几何位错密度以及发生动态再结晶的比例,并测试了不同变形参数下基体的硬度。重点探讨了不同变形参数下动态再结晶的形核机制,深入分析了动态再结晶过程中亚结构以及γ′相的演变规律。结果表明,变形温度为1 080 ℃时,基体中存在大量未溶的一次γ′相,小角度晶界比例超过35%,基体发生动态再结晶比例小于35%,主要形核方式为连续动态再结晶。变形温度为1 110 ℃,一次γ′相尺寸减小并发生回溶,小角度晶界比例小于8%,基体发生动态再结晶比例超过75%,主要形核方式为不连续动态再结晶。随着变形量增加,一次γ′相尺寸增大、数量密度降低,小角度晶界比例显著下降,动态再结晶比例明显提高。低温变形时基体硬度随着变形量增加而显著增加,而高温变形时硬度先增加后逐渐趋于不变。GH4742合金变形温度为1 110 ℃时,变形量50%时已完成动态再结晶,组织为等轴的动态再结晶晶粒,基体硬度较低,为357HV,在此变形参数下加工具有良好的热成型性能。     

Crack initiation and propagation induced by inclusions in a nickel-base P/M superalloy under fatigue load

1 IntroductionRecently the key components in advanced aircraftengines are widely made of nickel-base P/M super-alloy. However, non-metallic inclusions are intro-duced into this material during powder metallurgyprocessing. In industry, although many method…     

新型镍基粉末高温合金动态再结晶的数学模型

采用Gleeble 15 0 0热模拟试验机对新型镍基粉末高温合金在 10 70℃～ 1170℃ ,应变速率为 5× 10 - 4s- 1～2× 10 - 1s- 1的条件下进行了轴向压缩试验。通过加工硬化率和应变的关系曲线确定稳态应变εs,并绘制了该合金的动态再结晶图。结果表明 ,Zener Hollomon参数变化对动态再结晶的临界应变量影响较小 ,对稳态应变量影响较大 ,并建立了该合金的动态再结晶动力学模型和晶粒尺寸模型     

单晶高温合金定向凝固过程中初生碳化物的上浮现象SCIEI

本文在一种抗热腐蚀单晶镍基高温合金平面及胞状液-固界面定向凝固条件下,发现了初生碳化物(TiC)的上浮现象并分析了其形成原因。     

高温精炼处理对铸造镍基高温合金组织与性能的影响

研究了高温精炼处理对铸造镍基高温合金组织与性能的影响.普通铸造镍基合金枝晶组织粗大,晶界碳化物呈链状分布,晶内碳化物呈草体汉字状密集分布于枝晶间,是合金塑性低的主要原因.经高温精炼处理后,合金的枝晶组织细化,晶界及枝晶间的碳化物数量减少,γ γ共晶相数量增加,晶界碳化物呈不连续质点状分布,晶内碳化物的密集程度下降,拉伸塑性和蠕变(持久)寿命得以明显提高.经1 650℃,5 min高温熔体处理后,合金室温延伸率由3.5%提高到9.2%,700℃高温塑性由2.0%提高到8.0%,900℃高温塑性由2.8%提高到9.6%,蠕变寿命由34 h提高到52 h,蠕变塑性由4.3%提高到6.11%.推荐的最佳高温精炼处理制度为1 650℃保温4 h.分析了高温精炼处理对合金液态结构、凝固组织与性能的影响机理.     

NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS IN GE AIRCRAFT TURBINES：PAST,PRESENT ＆ FUTURE

1. Introduction Freedom to travel anywhere in the world, both quickly and inexpensively, defines our modern era. Despite year-to-year variation, the long term demand for travel by airplane continues to grow. Three ma- jor systems comprise the modern airplane: the aircraft structure that encompasses the fuselage, wings, and landing gear; the avionics that enable flight through crowded skies in nearly all weather conditions; and the propulsion system that powers the aircraft. Improvements in mat…