BC系列粒状铵油炸药装药车在矿山爆破工程中的应用

ＢＣ系列粒状铵油炸药装药车是露天矿山机械化混药、装药设备，在矿山应用已有１０年时间，给矿山带来了显著的经济效益和社会效益。本文对该系列装药车的应用实践作了简述，并对其应用情况提出了看法。     

Mass-Producible,Quasi-Zero-Strain,Lattice-Water-Rich Inorganic Open-Frameworks for Ultrafast-Charging and Long-Cycling Zinc-Ion Batteries

Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-ion batteries are an exceptionally compelling technology for grid-scale energy storage. However, their development has been plagued by the lack of stable cathode materials allowing fast Zn²⁺-ion insertion and scalable synthesis. Here, a lattice-water-rich, inorganic-open-framework (IOF) phosphovanadate cathode, which is mass-producible and delivers high capacity (228 mAh g⁻¹) and energy density (193.8 Wh kg⁻¹ or 513 Wh L⁻¹), is reported. The abundant lattice waters functioning as a “charge shield” enable a low Zn²⁺-migration energy barrier, (0.66 eV) even close to that of Li⁺ within LiFePO₄. This fast intrinsic ion-diffusion kinetics, together with nanostructure effect, allow the achievements of ultrafast charging (71% state of charge in 1.9 min) and an ultrahigh power density (7200 W kg⁻¹ at 107 Wh kg⁻¹). Equally important, the IOF exhibits a quasi-zero-strain feature (<1% lattice change upon (de)zincation), which ensures ultrahigh cycling durability (3000 cycles) and Coulombic efficiencies of 100%. The cell-level energy and power densities reach ≈90 Wh kg⁻¹ and ≈3320 W kg⁻¹, far surpassing commercial lead–acid, Ni–Cd, and Ni–MH batteries. Lattice-water-rich IOFs may open up new opportunities for exploring stable and fast-charging Zn-ion batteries.     

On the mechanism of the flotation of oxides and silicates

The mechanism of flotation of oxide and silicate minerals was established long ago as being due to the electrostatic attraction between the charged surface and the charge of the collector. What is less well established is the mechanism of the charging of the mineral surface. Most researchers have postulated that the adsorption of H⁺ is the cause. However, the adsorption model and its derivatives (such as the amphoteric and multisite-adsorption models), do not successfully describe the data for the zeta potential as a function of pH. In particular, these adsorption models have the following features that are not observed: (i) they are symmetrical about the point of zero charge, whereas the data is asymmetrical, (ii) they have an inflection at the pK_a values, leading to an asymptotic approach to the point of zero charge, whereas such an inflection is not observed, and (iii) they only fit the data in its extremes, that is, when the pK_a values differ by orders of magnitude, or are very close to one another. An alternative mechanism of charging is proposed here that is based on the dissolution of ions from and deposition of ions onto the mineral surface. It is shown that this model (a) fits the data, (b) is consistent with the thermodynamic model for reversible interfaces, (c) is consistent with the thermodynamics of the overall reaction and its solubility, (d) indicates reasons for the ageing of surfaces and (e) displays the observed features of zeta potential measurements as a function of pH, that is, it is pseudo-Nernstian and asymmetrical in nature. Application of the proposed theory is discussed for the flotation of quartz and corundum.     

A semi-cooperative decentralized scheduling scheme for plug-in electric vehicle charging demand

The paper proposes a decentralized control scheme for scheduling the flexible charging demand of plug-in electric vehicles in residential distribution networks. This control scheme is designed for execution by a multi-agent system at two consecutive stages of static and dynamic scheduling. The distinctive attributes of the developed control scheme are (i) to realistically prioritize both the customers’ and the utility’s objectives, (ii) to incorporate the uncertainty in the forecasted demand, (iii) to account for customers’ flexibility in their charging demand, and (iv) to specify a fair pricing scenario to all customers while protecting their privacy. The paper includes extensive numerical studies using a set of recorded real-world driving data, representing heterogeneous vehicular demand. In order to assess the efficacy of the proposed scheduling scheme, comparative assessments are also presented against an optimization-based charging scheduling scheme.     

瑞士伯尔尼污水处理厂的管理模式及收费机制

基于对瑞士伯尔尼污水处理厂的概况、污水处理工艺、企业与员工架构情况的分析,介绍了其管理运营模式,并对该厂与中国典型污水处理厂的收费机制进行了探讨,以供参考。     

大电流电动汽车电池充电电流电压反馈系统设计

针对电动汽车厂家研发了电动汽车电池充电系统,设计了一种大电流低电压电池充电系统。系统采用了PIC16F877A单片机作为电子控制单元核心,对规格为50 A、3.7 V的电池组进行充电。重点对电流电压采样电路进行了设计和研究。通过建立采样电路的仿真模型。并用实际电压电流数据对本采样系统进行了验证。实验证明,系统提出的电流电压采样具有较高的精度、线性度,且能满足长期稳定运行的实际需求。     

超级电容电池容量自动检测系统的研究

超级电容电池又叫双电层电容器,是一种新型储能装置,目前国内外对于超级电容电池容量的检测系统自动化程度不高,多数工作由人工控制完成。本文总结了相关蓄电池的自动检测系统,在此基础上提出了适合于超级电容电池的自动检测装置,并通过此装置检测出超级电容电池的常温容量,低温容量以及高倍率放电能力,为今后超级电容电池的自动化检测提供一套可行方案。     

地球同步轨道环境下外露介质深层带电仿真分析

空间高能带电粒子可导致航天器外露介质深层带电,从而对航天器的可靠运行带来潜在威胁。为了考察介质起电规律和最终评估深层带电危害,基于电荷守恒定律,建立了介质深层带电的数学模型,并通过数值求解,实现了对外露介质深层带电的时域3维仿真分析。该模型综合考虑了介质电导率受辐射剂量率、强电场和温度的影响。对典型的天线支撑介质结构进行仿真,结果表明:地球同步轨道环境下外露介质面临着严重的深层带电与介质击穿放电威胁,环境温度是影响外露介质内带电的关键因素。天线支撑结构的局部数10 MV/m以上强电场和10 KV以上高电压,很可能成为航天器表面放电或关键部位功能失常的诱导因素。     

Modification of Marx generator with a doubling of output voltage

A multistage generator of high‐voltage pulses with a doubling of output voltage built according to the Marx scheme is presented. A specific feature of the generator circuit design is the substitution of charging diodes for charging resistors and connection of the supplying voltage through an inductor. Such a design makes it possible to double the amplitude of pulses across a load, which is proportional to the number of connected stages, and to minimize the power loss during the charging of storage capacitors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

模块化多电平柔性直流输电系统的启动策略

分析了阀侧接地与不接地两种模块化多电平柔性直流输电系统(MMC-HVDC)拓扑结构的充电过程,根据其不同的充电回路分析了直流电压以及桥臂子模块电压和的充电稳态值。提出了调制波预跟踪策略,即在解锁前实现调制波与阀侧电压的跟踪,为减少解锁时带来的冲击电流做好准备。针对定直流电压站与定功率站,分析了解锁时冲击电流的来源,设计了相应的解锁策略,通过主动充电方式以提高子模块在充电阶段的电容电压,有效地减少了在解锁时带来的冲击电流。最后,在PSCAD上搭建了两端MMC-HVDC模型,仿真结果验证了所述策略的有效性。