响应曲面法优化平菇多糖提取工艺

采用Box-Behnken设计的响应曲面法对平菇多糖的热水浸提工艺进行优化.在单因素试验的基础上,运用Design Expert 8.05b软件设计试验,选取料液比、提取温度和提取时间3个因素进行响应曲面分析,建立平菇多糖得率的二次多项数学模型.在分析各因素的显著性和交互作用后,得出平菇多糖热水浸提工艺的最佳条件为料液比1:44.6 (g:mL),提取温度90℃,提取时间4.3h,平菇多糖的得率为3.25％.     

响应面法优化长双歧杆菌增殖培养基

为了提高长双歧杆菌发酵液中的活菌数,对其增殖培养基进行响应面优化。通过单因素试验筛选出长双歧杆菌的最佳碳源为乳糖,并发现低聚木糖、菊糖、低聚异麦芽糖、低聚果糖、苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、脯氨酸、谷氨酸及赖氨酸均能显著促进长双歧杆菌的生长。利用Design Expert 8.06软件设计Plackett-Burman 试验筛选出影响长双歧杆菌生长的3个最重要因子,通过Box-Behnken试验及响应面分析确定3个因子的最佳添加量为：低聚木糖1.7g/L、菊糖3.6g/L、脯氨酸0.4g/L,用优化后的增殖培养基培养长双歧杆菌,18h后其活菌数达(1.75±0.02)×109CFU/mL,比优化前提高了95.64%。     

现代既防漏又降噪齿轮室罩盖的设计

柴油机齿轮空罩盖既影响发动机外观,又影响发动机性能—三漏和噪声。本文介绍具备上述要求的齿轮空罩盖的设计。新设计齿轮室罩盖经台架试验,已达到设计预期要求。     

高速柴油机燃油喷射系统结构参数优化设计的计算机仿真

针对高速柴油机最常用的柱塞式燃油泵和孔式喷油嘴燃油喷射系统,开发了可实现系统主要结构参数优化设计的仿真软件。该软件以多变量无约束最优化方法和燃油喷射过程的动态仿真为基础,用Ｃ语言开发而成。以３１００高速直喷式柴油机用Ａ型柱塞泵和ＫＢＡＬ－Ｐ型喷油器为例,求得了基于给定工况和参数范围的最优结构参数值。计算结果表明该优化设计仿真软件在燃油供给系统的设计及主要结构参数匹配过程中具有良好的辅助作用。     

Carbon Dioxide and Global Change: Earth in Transition. - S.B.IDSO

The authors have proposed a generalisation of the J-CHART method [1] for a polyvalent modular drying system obtained by multiple simulation of thermal performance of two standard configurations: without recycling the air leaving the dryer, with 50% recycling of the air leaving the dryer and mixing with the air leaving the collectors.

This method, named as “GJ-CHART” is based on the use of charts or polynomial correlations which allows to determine the fraction of monthly average heating load supplied by solar energy and the fraction of monthly average economized energy as function of the two dimensionless parameters. These parameters are related to the standard collector parameters, the data of monthly average radiation, temperature and the estimates of drying loads, which by consequence, allows for a more general use.

The GJ-CHART method was developed for drying 27 kg of apple slices placed in single layers on the trays of the modular dryer. The temperature and the drying air flow rate are 60^°C and 0.09 kg s^-1 respectively. The drying time of a drying operation depends on the configurations of the system used, varying between 12 to 13 hours. According to the assumptions we used and the ways in which the calculations are done, this design method can be generalized to provide a mean for quick estimation of the long-term performance of the partially solar heated polyvalent modular drying system.

Les auteurs proposent, à l'aide de multiples simulations, une généralisation méthode J-CHART [I] de dimensionnement d'un système de séchage modulaire polyvalent valable pour les deux configurations suivantes: sans recyclage de l'air sortant du sèchoir; avec recyclage partiel (50%) et mélange avec l'air sortant des insolateurs.

Cette méthode, baptisée “GJ-ABAQUE”, est basée sur I'utilisation d'abaques ou des relations polynomials qui sen déduisent: ceux-ci permettent de déterminer la couverture solaire mensuelle et la fraction de chaleur de séchage économisée mensuelle à partir de deux couples de paramètres adimensionnels qui les caractérisent respectivement. Ces derniers font intervenir notamment les paramètres standard des insolateurs, les conditions climatiques du site, la surface de captation et la chaleur totale de I'opération de séchage, ce qui permet, par conséquent, une utilisation assez générale.

Les travaux ont porté sur le séchage de 27 kg de rondelles de pommes déposées en couche unique sur des claies, dans un module de séchage, lorsque la temperature de I'air asséchant est de 60^°C et son débit de 0,09 kg s^-1. La durée d'une opération de séchage varie, suivant la configuration retenue, de 12 à 13 heures.     

EC RESEARCH PROGRAMMES IN SUPPORT OF ENERGY-CONSCIOUS BUILDING DESIGN

This paper outlines the development of programmes which investigate architectural strategies for reducing energy use in buildings and which devise and implement means of introducing such strategies to European Community architects, and means of providing the technical information needed to design energy-efficient buildings. The experience is considered as a case study of a European effort to bring about technical change in architectural design and in the light of a widely-held perception that the integration of ‘scientific’ information in architectural design is problematic.

The paper argues that programmes of design support are essential to advance the implementation of new approaches to energy in architectural design. In parallel with research in energy-efficient building it is necessary to advance our knowledge of certain real and perceived needs and desires of building designers, and it is appropriate that research directions should be influenced accordingly.     

碳酰胺助浸风化壳淋积型稀土矿工艺研究

研究了以碳酰胺为助浸剂的风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸取稀土工艺。通过柱浸方式模拟原地浸出过程,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应曲面法建立二次多项数学模型,以稀土浸取率为响应值,探究助浸剂碳酰胺浓度、浸取温度和浸取剂溶液pH对稀土浸取率的影响,分析各因素间的交互作用。结果表明,影响稀土浸取率从强到弱的因素依次是浸取剂溶液pH、碳酰胺浓度、浸取温度。在浸取剂乙酸铵浓度0.10 mol/L条件下,最佳工艺参数为碳酰胺浓度0.59 mol/L、浸取温度25.03 ℃、浸取剂pH=5.51,该条件下稀土浸取率响应值为97.50%。实际试验稀土浸取率为96.36%。两者误差较小,表明采用响应曲面模型得到的工艺参数是基本可靠的。     

纬重装饰纹织物结构设计

介绍了纬二重、纬三重及其变化组织的特点和装饰纹织物的基础组织采用纬重组织时的组织结构设计。     

玉雕设计构思要素的探讨

为促进玉雕专业技术的交流，阐述了玉雕设计构思要素包含了传统文化、艺术创作、玉石材料鉴审和利用以及商业经营理念的观点。指出了玉雕设计构思既是艺术创作活动又是有目标的商业活动，两者互为融通，才能使玉雕专业技术永葆青春的活力。